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What is meant by log-based recovery?
The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update activities in the database. There are various types of log records.
Multi-list file Organisation Multi-list file organisation is a multi-index linked file organisation. A linked file organisation is a logical organisation where physical orderin
The External or View Level The external or view level is the highest level of abstraction of database. It gives a window on the conceptual view, which permits the user to see
Given the following set of functional dependencies {cf→ bg, g → d, cdg → f, b → de, d → c} defined on R(b,c,d,e,f,g) a. Is cf→ e implied by the FDs? b. Is dg a superkey?
Although, the essential features of E-R diagrams are enough to design many database situations. Though, with more difficult relations and advanced database applications, it is need
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Whst is logical schema ? Logical schema is the entire database.
Define the Immediate Update The immediate update methods may apply changes to the database on disk before the transaction arrives a successful conclusion. Though, these change
A relation has: Relational Schema Relation instance Relational Schema: A relational schema shows the relation's name, its attributes and the domain of every a
Describe the nested-loop join and block-nested loop join. Ans: The block nested- loop join algorithm is as described below: for every block B r of relation R do beg
What is aggregate function? Briefly describe it? Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a one value. SQL offers 5 built-in aggre
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