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Q. What is Input-output processors?
let's briefly summarize the development in area of input/output functions. These can be briefed as below:
1. CPU directly controls a peripheral device.
2. Addition of I/O controller or I/O interface: CPU employs programmed I/O with no interrupts. CPU was separated from details of external I/O interfaces.
3. Contained use of I/O controllers however with interrupts: CPU need not spend time waiting for an I/O operation to be executed, increasing efficiency.
4. Direct access of I/O interface to memory through DMA: CPU involvement decreased to at beginning and at end of DMA operation.
5. CPU directs I/O processors to execute an I/O program in memory. I/O processor fetches as well as executes these instructions with no CPU intervention. This permits CPU to specify a series of I/O activities and to be interrupted only when complete sequence has been performed. With this architecture a large set of I/O devices can be managed with minimum CPU involvement.
With last two steps (4 and 5) a main change takes place with introduction of concept of an I/O interface capable of executing a program. For steps 5 the I/O interface is frequently referred to as an I/O processor and I/O channel.
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Explain about unix file system architecture
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can u please tell me the assembly language program for carry look ahead adder that can run in 8086 emulator?? its urgent
TRP is the number of clock cycles required to terminate access to an open row of memory, and open access to the next row. It stand for row precharge time.
Explain the various interface circuits. An I/O interface having of circuitry required to connect an I/O device to computer bus. One side having of a data path with its associa
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