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Q. What is Input-output processors?
let's briefly summarize the development in area of input/output functions. These can be briefed as below:
1. CPU directly controls a peripheral device.
2. Addition of I/O controller or I/O interface: CPU employs programmed I/O with no interrupts. CPU was separated from details of external I/O interfaces.
3. Contained use of I/O controllers however with interrupts: CPU need not spend time waiting for an I/O operation to be executed, increasing efficiency.
4. Direct access of I/O interface to memory through DMA: CPU involvement decreased to at beginning and at end of DMA operation.
5. CPU directs I/O processors to execute an I/O program in memory. I/O processor fetches as well as executes these instructions with no CPU intervention. This permits CPU to specify a series of I/O activities and to be interrupted only when complete sequence has been performed. With this architecture a large set of I/O devices can be managed with minimum CPU involvement.
With last two steps (4 and 5) a main change takes place with introduction of concept of an I/O interface capable of executing a program. For steps 5 the I/O interface is frequently referred to as an I/O processor and I/O channel.
What is Fork swap? "Fork ()" is a system call to make a child process. When the parent process calls "fork()" system call, the child process is formed and if there is short of
Necessary features of an algorithm: 1.Input: The algorithm should take zero or more input. 2. Output: The algorithm should generate one or more outputs. 3. Definiteness:
The last digit of a credit card number is the check digit, which protects against transcription errors like an error in a single digit or switching two digits. The following method
Expain the working of associative memory
When web pages containing emails are sent out they are prefixed by MIME Header. Why? Primarily email consisted messages having simple text written into English and expressed in
Binary is an alternative number system which works very good for computers. Humans have ten fingers; that's probably why we use ten digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) in our
CODE SEGMENT ; Set DS register MOV AX, DATA ; boiler plate code to set the DS register so that the MOV DS, AX ; program can access the data segment.
Q. Rules for calling assembly subroutines from? The rules for calling assembly subroutines from C are: (i) Memory model: The calling program and called assembly programs sh
Q. Show the Hypothetical Instruction Format of 32 bits? A sample instruction format is shown in figure below. Figure: A Hypothetical Instruction Format of 32 bits
what is jsf
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