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Q. What is Input-output processors?
let's briefly summarize the development in area of input/output functions. These can be briefed as below:
1. CPU directly controls a peripheral device.
2. Addition of I/O controller or I/O interface: CPU employs programmed I/O with no interrupts. CPU was separated from details of external I/O interfaces.
3. Contained use of I/O controllers however with interrupts: CPU need not spend time waiting for an I/O operation to be executed, increasing efficiency.
4. Direct access of I/O interface to memory through DMA: CPU involvement decreased to at beginning and at end of DMA operation.
5. CPU directs I/O processors to execute an I/O program in memory. I/O processor fetches as well as executes these instructions with no CPU intervention. This permits CPU to specify a series of I/O activities and to be interrupted only when complete sequence has been performed. With this architecture a large set of I/O devices can be managed with minimum CPU involvement.
With last two steps (4 and 5) a main change takes place with introduction of concept of an I/O interface capable of executing a program. For steps 5 the I/O interface is frequently referred to as an I/O processor and I/O channel.
Performance and Issues in Pipelining Throughput: Throughput of a pipeline can be defined as the number of results that have been getting per unit time. It can be denoted as:
What happens when HLT instruction is implemented in processor? Ans) The Micro Processor go into the Halt-State and the buses are tri-stated.
Q. Explain about Hamming error correcting code? Richard Hamming at Bell Laboratories worked out this code. We will only introduce this code with help of an illustration for 4 b
How u can create XML file? To write Dataset Contents out to disk as an XML file use: MyDataset.WriteXML(server.MapPath("MyXMLFile.xml"))
Distinguish among the functions islower() and tolower(). islower( ) and tolower( ): islower(c) is a character testing function described in ctype.h header file. This
Q. Explain about Instruction Register and Flags? The Instruction Register: It comprises the operation code (opcode) and addressing mode bits of the instruction. It assists in
Design a easy (text-based/ graphical) UI for your program. The user should be encouraged for parameter values for the particular protocol simulation. For example, the user sho
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What is blocking probability? Blocking Probability: The blocking probability P is described as the probability like all the servers in system are busy. If all the servers ar
Register-to-Register Architecture In this organization results and operands are not accessed straight from main memory by scalar or vector registers. The vectors that are neede
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