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Q. What is Galactosemia?
Galactosemia is a genetic disorder caused by deficient functioning of any of these three enzymes namely galactokinase, galactose -1 - phosphate uridyl transferase, or UDP galactose - 4- epimerase. Galactose derived from the hydrolysis of lactose in the intestine is absorbed normally. Bur in the absence of gal-1-P-transferase it leads to the accumulation of galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, and galactitol in the blood and tissues. Accumulation of gal-1-P reduces the intracellular phosphate for high energy phosphate bonds. Thus ATP, GTP and CTP are reduced.
Patients with galactokinase deficiency suffer only from cataract; Galactitol accumulates in the lens of the eye creating an osmotic gradient that allows the glutathione from the lens to efflux. Due to this the concentration of glutathione in the lens is decreased. Glutathione peroxidase and hydrogen peroxidase are inactivated. As a result hydrogen peroxide accumulates in the lens denaturing the proteins of the lens. This leads to the production of lenticular cataracts.
State the term - Psychophysiology This refers to the study of psychological theories using physiological measures. In other words, psycho-physiologists normally try to understa
Does the environment exert an influence on the phenotype? The phenotype may be altered (compared to the original situation conditioned by its genotype) by nongenetic means, ins
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Pericardiocentesis : This is usually done by the cardiologist. It is better done with ECG and haemodynamic monitoring. Subxyphoid route is preferred with the patient positio
Q. Source of nutrients and energy of Microorganisms? Microorganisms use foods as a source of nutrients and energy. Each kind of microorganism has a definite range of food requi
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The biologicaI species concept claims that species consist of natural populations and that species are real and objective. They are not man-made subjective abstraction. According
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