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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
What is Primary key? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
Describe entity referential integrity and integrity. Give an example of each. Entity Integrity Rule - If there is a attribute A of relation R is a prime attribute of R then A
Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
How does the system cope up with a record crash when recovery is going on after the first crash? Ans: In a system the undo and redo operations are needed to be idempotent to c
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? HAVING CLAUSE - HAVING CLAUSE is used only with SELECT statement. - It is normally used in a GROUP BY
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
What are the two integrity rules? Ans: The two integrity rules are: Entity Integrity Rule & Referential Integrity Rule. Entity Integrity Rule - If the attribute A of rel
What is association? Give an example of association Association is used for establishing relationships among classes. Association describe links among/between classes. For exa
Question (a) Visual Basic is governed by an event processor. Explain the meaning of this phrase. (b) Differentiate between an general procedure and event procedure. (c)
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