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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
DML Precompiler All the DBMS have two basic sets of Languages - Data Definition Language (DDL) that have the set of commands needed to define the format of the data that is b
Consider the subsequent relations for a database which keeps track of business trips of salespersons in a sales office: SALESPERSON (SSN, Name, start_year, Dept_no) TRIP (SSN, Fr
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
What is horizontal fragmentation? Horizontal fragmentation divides the relation by assuming every tuple of r to one or more fragments
How nulls are treated in comparison operator? Along with comparison (relational) operators, the null values are ignored as we cannot derive the relation along with the given op
Explain hash file organization? Hash functions a) The distribution is uniform Hash functions assign each bucket the similar number of search -key values from the set of a
What is entity in DBMS? Entity: A DBMS entity is either a thing in the modelled world or a drawing element in an ERD.
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
What is the purpose of storage manager? The storage manager is responsible for the following a) Interaction with the file manager b) Translation of DML commands in to low
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