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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
User error : This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Describe the nested-loop join and block-nested loop join. Ans: The block nested- loop join algorithm is as described below: for every block B r of relation R do beg
Differentiate between a subquery and a join If we need to acquire information from one or more tables after that either subquery or join can be used. If the columns which are t
4. Describe three ways to handle missing field values
What are the various properties of Relational tables? Relational tables have 6 properties: 1. Each row is unique. 2. Column values are of the same kind. 3. Values are
What do you understand by ACID? - ACID (Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a quality sought after in a reliable database. Here's the relevance of each quality:
Define query language? A query is a statement requesting the retrieval of information. The portion of DML that includes information retrieval is known as a query language.
A relation has: Relational Schema Relation instance Relational Schema: A relational schema shows the relation's name, its attributes and the domain of every a
What are the Objectives of Advance object design After this unit, you shall be able to: combine three OOAD models to obtain operations on the classes; develop algo
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