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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
Explain the following functions of Oracle with suitable examples: (i) To_Char( ) (ii) Count( ) (iii) Trim( ) (iv) Length( ) Ans: (i) To_char( ): The TO_CHAR function conver
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach? In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. In
In which relational modes, cardinality is termed? Answer : Cardinality is termed in a number of tuples relational modes.
explain equi-join using illustration
Index And Tree Structure Let us talk about the data structure that is used for creating indexes. Can we use Binary Search Tree (BST) as Indexes? Let us initial reconsider
(a) What is a Sub-Query? (b) What is the difference between a scalar sub-query and a tabular sub-query? (c) Write an equivalent SQL statement to get the Name of Product wh
Problem 1. Write the SQL queries using Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. Insert values into student table with field names using insert command Display the
WHAT IS MEANT BY E-R MODEL
E-R Model This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects named entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are illustrated in a database
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