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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
what is un ordered and ordered file managment?
These permit the user to unload a database or parts of a database and reload the data on the similar machine, or on another machine in a dissimilar location. This can be useful in
What is SQL, and why is it important? SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and is the most significant data processing language in use today. It is not a complete programm
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
crete a data base relationship model Entity: Students; Professors; Dormitories buildings; Attributes of students: Name; Address; Dorm;
Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
Cardinality of Relationship One-to-One Only one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set. E.g. A teacher teaches a student. Only one teacher
.#question. Discuss the problem which may arise during concurrency control and recovery in distributed database which are not encountered in controlized database environment.
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
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