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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
What is an entity relationship model? The entity relationship model is a set of basic objects known as entities and relationship between those objects. An entity is a thing or
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
User error : This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check
What is vertical fragmentation? Vertical fragmentation divides the relation by decomposing the scheme R of relation r.
Implementing software control To implement software control designer must redesign strategy of state event model which is present in dynamic model. There are three basic ap
What are axioms? Axioms or rules of inference give a simpler technique for reasoning about
Concatenation operator Example : Printing name and job as one string as column name employees: SELECT ENAME||JOB "EMPLOYEES" FROM EMP;
What is System R? What are its two major subsystems? System R was intended and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center. It is a prototype and its pur
Explain the Dynamic Hashing Techniques There are two methods in it: extendible hashing - stores an access structure in addition to the file, and therefore is somewhat identica
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