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What is Functional Dependency?
A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely verifies the value of component Y.
Hierarchical
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
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Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Extend your CREATE TABLE statement from problem 3 with referential integrity constraints. Updates and deletes on related rows are restricted. 6. From examination of the sample data
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Part 1: Security Plan Consider the Case study and identify 3 security requirements. For each of these security requirements: • Discuss the necessity for the feature and how
Software failures : In such cases, a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction (or all transactions), therefore leading to losing the state of pr
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