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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
What are stored and derived attributes? Stored attributes: The attributes keeps in a data base are known as stored attributes. Derived attributes: The attributes that are de
Differentiate between Key and superkey? Key and superkey - A key a single attribute or a combination of two or more attributes of an entity set in which is used to identify o
What is SQL, and why is it important? SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and is the most significant data processing language in use today. It is not a complete programm
Determine the term- Active values An active value is that has dependent values. Every dependent value registers itself with active value that contains a set of dependent values
What function divides one numeric expression by another and returns the remainder? MOD function divides one numeric expression by another and returns the remainder.
Define multivalued dependency and 4NF. Ans: Multivalued Dependency - Assume R be a relation schema and let α ⊆ R and β ⊆ R. The multivalued dependency α →→β holds o
What are the time stamps associated with each data item? W-timestamp (Q) denotes the largest time stamp if any transaction that implemented WRITE (Q) successfully. R-timesta
what is Lossless-join decomposition
File Organisation And Its Types Just as arrays, trees, lists and other data structures are used to execute data Organisation in main memory, a number of planning's are used to
The State of NewYork certifies firefighters throughout state and keep track all of them, as well as of the state’s fire departments. Each fire department has unique department numb
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