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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
In an organization several projects are undertaken. Each project can employ one or more employees. Each employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on the
A customer places orders for parts and belongs to a particular industry group. An individual order is taken by a particular sales representative on a specific date and the sales re
The Conceptual Level or Global level The conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole. It permits the user to bring all the data in th
Explain what is Aggregation ? Aggregation: This is used whenever we intend to show a relationship between an entity and the relationship. There is no provision for this in th
Demonstrate the UML model Using UML, it is possible to generate code in any of the programming language from UML model (called forward engineering) and rebuild a model from an
What does conceptual design work? A conceptual design involves modelling independent of the DBMS.
Which method is used to key transformation ? A hash method is used to key transformation.
Wait-die" scheme : The idea is based on non-preventive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by T
What is ICR? A. ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) is a technology that gives scanning and imaging systems the ability to identify images of hand-printed or script charact
A software contract and consultancy firm maintains details of all the various projects in which its employees are currently involved. These details comprise: Employee Numbe
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