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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
Explain how the associations are implemented as classes. A general approach in this case is to transform an association class into a simple class linked to two original classes
What is hashing file organization? In the hashing file organization, a hash function is computed on some attribute of every record. The result of the hash function specify in
Database Manager It is the interface among low-level data, queries and application programs. Databases typically need a large amount of storage space. It is kept on disks, as
What is called a query evaluation plan? A sequence of primitive operations that can be used to assess a query is a query evaluation plan or a query implementation plan.
Consider the 1ollowin8 relation: CAR SALE (Car_id, Option_type, Option_listprice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice) This relation refers to options installed in cars (e.g., crui
What are partial, alternate,, artificial, compound and natural key? Partial Key: It is a set of attributes that can uniquely recognize weak entities and that are related to s
Related fields in a database are grouped in which form? Related data fields in a database are grouped to form a data record. (A record is a collection of related fields)
What is a super key? A super key is a set of one or more attributes that collectively permits us to recognize uniquely an entity in the entity set.
Ways for Selecting Data Structure Algorithms operate on data structure. Therefore, selection of the best algorithm means selecting the best data structure from whole bunch. Th
Question 1 Explain the 10 reasons to use MySQL Question 2 Write the SQL statements to demonstrate the following using SELECT command Expression Evaluation ORDER BY
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