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What is DDL? Make a list of commands with short description used in DDL
Ans: Data Definition Language that is abbreviated as DDL is a computer language for defining data structures. The phrase was first introduced in relation to the Codasyl database model in which the schema of the database was written in a Data Definition Language explaining the records, fields, and "sets" making up the user Data Model.
List of DDL commands:
(a) To define a table/ relation
CREATE TABLE ------
(b) To eliminate table/relation definition
DROP TABLE ----
(iii) To alter the definition of an existing table
ALTER TABLE-------
Cardinality of Relationship One-to-One Only one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set. E.g. A teacher teaches a student. Only one teacher
Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails e
Having Clause with sub queries: First we have to recollect the GROUP BYclause. The following query searches the minimum salary in every department. SELECT DEPTNO, MIN (SAL)
What do you understand by transitive dependencies? Define with an example any two problems that can take place in the database if transitive dependencies are available in the datab
Define Database layer? The database layer defines the data formats used in the database.
Introduction In large projects, we can have many different companies working together. Generally, the project or contract is awarded to one company (Principal Contractor), which
what are the states of transaction?
how can apply joins on table
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
What is self-transition? If there is a transition which goes back to same state, it is known as "self- transition." With a trigger action exit action would be executed f
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