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What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each.
Ans: Completeness Constraints
1. Total specialization constraint
a. Each entity in the superclass should be a member of some subclass in the specialization for example {HOURLY_EMPLOYEE, SALARIED_EMPLOYEE}
b. Notation: superclass
2. Partial specialization constraint an entity might not belong to any type of the subclasses
For example: {SECRETARY, ENGINEER, TECHNICIAN}
There are two major types of fragmentation: Horizontal& Vertical. Horizontal fragments, as the name suggests are subsets of tuples and vertical fragments are subsets of attributes
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About Attribute inheritance
Deletion Anomalies: Loss of important Information: In some cases, useful information may be lost when a tuple is deleted. For instance, if we delete the tuple corresponding to stu
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