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What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each.
Ans: Completeness Constraints
1. Total specialization constraint
a. Each entity in the superclass should be a member of some subclass in the specialization for example {HOURLY_EMPLOYEE, SALARIED_EMPLOYEE}
b. Notation: superclass
2. Partial specialization constraint an entity might not belong to any type of the subclasses
For example: {SECRETARY, ENGINEER, TECHNICIAN}
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
prototype of a distributed information system for a national car part retail outlet chain.
In a relational model how relations are termed? In a relational model, relations are termed as tables. (The term ‘relation’ is the technical name of the ‘table’ in RDBMS)
Explain several types of constraints that can be specified using CREATE TABLE command. Explain CASCADE and RESTRICT clauses of DROP SCHEMA command? Constraint Description PRIM
Physical Records These are the records that are stored in the secondary storage devices. For the database relation, physical records are the group of fields kept in adjacent me
What are the disadvantages of relational approach? Disadvantages of relational approach: • Substantial hardware and system software overhead • May not fit all business models •
What is meant by object-oriented data model? The object-oriented paradigm is based on encapsulation of data and code related to an object in to a one unit, whose contents are n
Equi Join: A join in which the joining condition is based on equality among values in the common columns. Common columns show (redundantly) in the result table. Let us Consider th
write program
Question: a) There are three concurrency problems, i.e. three types of potential mistake which could occur if concurrency control is not properly enforced in the database syst
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