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What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each.
Ans: Completeness Constraints
1. Total specialization constraint
a. Each entity in the superclass should be a member of some subclass in the specialization for example {HOURLY_EMPLOYEE, SALARIED_EMPLOYEE}
b. Notation: superclass
2. Partial specialization constraint an entity might not belong to any type of the subclasses
For example: {SECRETARY, ENGINEER, TECHNICIAN}
Foreign Keys and NULL Let us take the relation: DEPT DEPT ID DNAME BUDGET D1 M
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What is the aim of logical schema ? The main motive of the logical schema is to ensure the portability of procedures and models on various physical schemas at runtime.
prototype of a distributed information system for a national car part retail outlet chain.
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
Name the metrics for selecting top algorithm There are a number of metrics for selecting top algorithm: i) Computational complexity: Computational complexity refers to eff
Define page. The database is partitioned into some number of fixed-length blocks, which are referred to as pages.
What is data independence? Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data
What are the benefits of prepared statements and place holders? Parameter binding operations automatically handle escaping of characters Encourage Statement reuse
Problem 1. Write the SQL queries using Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. Insert values into student table with field names using insert command Display the
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