What is calvin cycle, Biology

Assignment Help:

What is Calvin Cycle?

The dark reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the Calvin cycle. This process synthesizes glucose molecules using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the carbon compounds, high-energy molecules, and hydrogen ions formed in photosystems I and II. The reactions of the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma, the dense fluid surrounding the thylakoids of chloroplasts. The cycle is summarized below:

(1) A five-carbon sugar molecule called ribulose bisphosphate, or RuBP, is the acceptor that binds CO2 dissolved in the stroma. This process, called CO2 fixation, is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase, forming an unstable six-carbon molecule. This molecule quickly breaks down to give two molecules of the three-carbon 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), also called phosphoglyceric acid (PGA).

(2) The two 3PG molecules are converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, a three-carbon sugar phosphate, by adding a high-energy phosphate group from ATP, then breaking the phosphate bond and adding hydrogen from NADH + H+.

(3) Three turns of the cycle, using three molecules of CO2, produces six molecules of G3P. However, only one of the six molecules exits the cycle as an output, while the remaining five enter a complex process that regenerates more RuBP to continue the cycle. Two molecules of G3P, produced by a total of six turns of the cycle, combine to form one molecule of glucose.

 

 


Related Discussions:- What is calvin cycle

Scientific methord, how adoctor dicide a sickness of a patiant

how adoctor dicide a sickness of a patiant

Bracketed keys to identifying plants and animals, Q. Bracketed Keys to iden...

Q. Bracketed Keys to identifying plants and animals? In bracketed keys two couplet leads of the same rank are bracketed together. The alternative clues or couplets are written

What is micrographia?, Micrographia is abnormally small, cramped handwritin...

Micrographia is abnormally small, cramped handwriting and/or the progression to continually smaller handwriting. This is one of the symptoms of Parkinson''s disease.

Define the term parasites, Normal 0 false false false E...

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

What is ocean shorelines, Q. What is Ocean shorelines? Ocean shorelines...

Q. What is Ocean shorelines? Ocean shorelines include rocky coasts and sandy beaches that are particularly rich in diverse life forms. Rocky shorelines support a diversity of o

What is the formula of the net primary production, What is the formula of t...

What is the formula of the net primary production (NPP)? How does NPP relate to the energy pyramids? Net primary production is the gross main productivity less the organic mate

What are muscle tissues, What are muscle tissues? How is the function of th...

What are muscle tissues? How is the function of this tissue related to the typical characteristics of its cells? Muscle tissues are tissues made of cells able to perform contr

What is lipid-lowering trial, Q. What is Lipid-lowering Trial? Aggressi...

Q. What is Lipid-lowering Trial? Aggressive lipid-lowering drug treatment of persons at various risk levels reduces Coronary Artery Disease morbidity and mortality rates and in

Bacteria, write six characteristics of bacteria

write six characteristics of bacteria

Explain phenotypical traits, Why is not Mendel's second law always valid fo...

Why is not Mendel's second law always valid for two or more phenotypical traits of an individual? Mendel's second law, or the law of the independent assortment, is valid for g

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd