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BCNF Boyce-Codd Normal Form
A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and accepts an additional constraint that for every FD X A, X has to be a candidate key. If a relational process is in BCNF then all redundancy based on functional dependency has been replaced, although other kinds of redundancy can still exist. A relational schema R is in Boyce-Codd normal form if and only if for each one of its dependencies X → Y.
Introduction In large projects, we can have many different companies working together. Generally, the project or contract is awarded to one company (Principal Contractor), which
Objectives After reading this unit you should be able to: Explain storage of databases on hard disks; Discuss the execution of various file Organisation techniques;
Implementation and SQL Applications
We face problem of stock Opening balance and closing balance in Minus
SELECT Statement This statement is used for retrieving information from the databases. It can be coupled with many clauses. Let us talk about these clauses in more detail:
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What is the difference between SQL Server 2000 clustered and nonclustered indexes? With a clustered index, the data are kept in the bottom level of the index and in the similar
What is meant by normalization of data? It is a process of examining the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the prop
Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
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