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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
The line integral of the magnetic flux about a closed curve is proportional to the algebraic total of electric currents passing through that closed curve; or, in differential form,
use of soft iron core in mcg
Davisson and Germer scattered electrons from a crystal of nickel. The scattered electrons formed a strong diffraction pattern. What important conclusion was drawn from this experi
#question.law of successive disintegration and conditions of radioactive equilibrium?
A ball leaves a girl's hand with an upward velocity of 6 meters per second. What is the maximum height of the ball above the girl's hand? Ans: A ball leaves a girl's hand w
The radius of an atom is of the order of: (1) 10 -10 cm (2) 10 -13 cm (3) 10 -15 cm (4) 10 -8 cm Ans: (4)10 -8 cm
Hubble constant; H0 (E.P. Hubble; 1925): The constant that determines the relationship among the distance to a galaxy and its velocity of recession because of the expansion of
For each element the number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary. Isotopes :Nuclei of given element with different numbers of neutrons.If they are not radioactive they called
Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Verify the principle on which it works. Reduce an expression for the torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kep
What are major fiber sensors? Major Fiber Sensors: a. Point sensors: Bragg gratings extended period gratings, Fabry-Perot interferometers. Maximum temperature can be as high
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