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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Inertia with a handkerchief and tumbler Spread a handkerchief out on a smooth table top. Place a tumbler full with water near one corner of the handkerchief. Raise the opposite
What is the universal law of universal gravitation? Statement that any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the
What are links and symbolic links in UNIX file system? A link is a second name (not a file) for a file. Links can be used to allocate more than one name to a file, but cannot
Majority and minority charge carriers A pure semiconductor has equal number of holes and electrons. But an extrinsic semiconductor has majority charge carriers. When a tri
Making an observation nest for ants An observation nest for the study of the life story of ants can simply be made as follows. Make a wooden U from three 30 cm lengths of w
the theory for this motion
Would a nail rust in oil and water or water and oxygen?
Get an expression for work done during reversible isothermal expansion. Get the terms open, isolated and closed system. Give examples.
Chain Reactor: Splitting of nuclei also causes the emission of neutrons. If these neutron cause further fission in the other nuclei and this process continues, then it is known
What is intramodal dispersion in optical fibres? Intramodal dispersion (Δτ mat ) Intramodal dispersion is nothing although material dispersion. The velocity dissimilarity of
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