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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Constantan: Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy. The amount of nickel in constantan is 40%. Properties: 1. It is silver like appearance. 2. Its electrical res
Mediocrity principle: The principle that there is nothing specifically interesting regarding our place in space or time, or about ourselves. This principle possibly first made
Pfund series: The series which define the emission spectrum of hydrogen while the electron is jumping to the fifth orbital. All lines are in the infrared portion of the spectr
Generate and plot a sampled sine wave with fs=8kHz, of 4 seconds duration, with frequency ?0 = ?/10 and amplitude A = 1.2. The waveform equation is x(n) = A sin n?
Explain the Process of Phase Changes Matter exists in three forms: as a solid, a liquid or as a gas. These are called phases of matter. If we take a chunk of ice (solid water) fr
give example phenomena of resonance?
A bat emits a sound whose frequency is 142 kHz. The speed of sound in air at 20.0°C is 343 m/s. However, the air temperature is 35°C, so the speed of sound is not 343 m/s. Find the
singularity: The center of a black hole, where the curvature of spacetime is maximum. At the singularity, the gravitational tides diverge; no solid object can even theoretical
explain briefly about piezoelectric effect to produce ultrasonics
Alternating Current: (AC) Such a current can be obtained if a resistor is linked in series with a source of alternating voltage. This current alters its direction so many times
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