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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Explain an inertial frame of reference and derive the Lorentz transformation equations formula. How it can be used in optical gyroscope?
Principle Ray II . Preliminary on the object side of the lens ray II heads toward the plane of the lens along a line that is parallel to the principle axis of the lens. At the plan
What are the design constraints of slide emitting optics? The genuine illuminance of side emitting optics is low, while the luminance is quite acceptable in many cases. This m
Mechanical stressing: When a material undergoes a mechanical treatment, its resistivity changes due to mechanical distortion of the crystal structures. The localized strain produc
A baseball bat strikes a ball with a force of 30 newtons. If the ball was in contact with the bat for 1/10 of a second, What impulse did the ball receive? Ans - 3 Newt
What are radiation hazards? Mention four safety measures which should be taken against radioactive radiation. OR Explain radio isotopes? Write their any four uses. Descri
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION: This law states that "A body at rest will remain at rest and a body moving with uniform velocity will carry on doing so, until acted on by some un
Why we feel sky blue in color? The blue color of the sky is because of Rayleigh scattering. As light moves by the atmosphere, most of the longer wavelengths pass straight thr
experiments on how sound waves travel faster in iron
Universal constant of gravitation; G: The constant of proportionality in Newton's law of universal gravitation & which plays an vital role in A. Einstein's general relativity.
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