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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Derive a mathematical expression for the period of oscillation of a bar magnet in vibration magnetometer. How do you differentiate Dia, Para and Ferromagnetisms in matter.
What is the raw file size for an image of 80 rows and 100 columns, with pixels on 14 bits and with an extra row for the header? The minimum and maximum values observed in a
Explain the Prisms, Dispersion and Color A ray of white light that passes through a prism is dispersed into the visible spectrum. Red light is refracted the least, and purple lig
The refractive index of glass is 1.54. Determine the polarizing angle when light goes from glass to air medium?
It the angle through which light ray deviates from the original straight line path.
Inducing a Positive Charge on a Sphere The given below animation depicts the induction procedure. The neutral conducting sphere is at rest on top of an insulating stand. An unh
An industrial process involves the evaporation of water from a liquid film that forms on a contoured surface. Dry air is passed over the surface, and from laboratory measurements t
Magnesium is the lightest of the structural metals. While this low density is an attractive property, magnesium also has a high corrosion rate that has often been seen as a disadv
The graph shown in Figure was obtained during an experiment on a diode. (a) What type of diode is this? Give reasons. (b) Determine the forward current for a forward voltage
A 50 kilogram ice skater glides across the ice in a straight line at 7 meters per second. If she bends down and scoops up a 20 kilogram child standing on the ice, what will b
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