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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Plastics are polymers, meaning they are made up of molecules from many different elements. By utilizing different combinations, new polymers are made that can be manipulated from m
The drag on a 30-ft long, vertical, 1.25-ft diameter pole subjected to a 30 mph air wind is to be determined with a model study. It is expected that the drag is a function of the p
projet on ..electromagnetic induction
define varigonon law
Show that the Nusselt number for a sphere in a quiescent fluid is 2. Hint: Write the thermal resistance for the outer surface of the sphere in terms as both conductive and conve
Three capacitors of capacitance , and are connected in parallel 1) What is the ratio of potential difference? 2) What is the ratio of charges? Will there be electric
Construction of a thermometer
Infra-Red (IR) Detectors: An IR detector has an impedance of Z= (400+j200) ? . During design tests the detector current is measured as 4 µA. What is the output v
Illustrate the principle of potentiometer. Define a mathematical experiment for the comparison of emf's of two cells. Define the principle and construction of potentiometer and
Describe the variation of the radius of bright fringe of Newton's rings with refractive index of the thin film enclosed between the glass plate and plan-convex lens when observed b
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