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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Is it probable for the electric field to be non-zero at a point in space where the electric potential is zero? Ans: Regard as for instance the case of an electric potential
Define coherence and explain temporal and spatial coherence. Show that visibility is a maxim of coherence. Define the 'Q' factor for a spectral line. Explain coherence length and c
Examples of pure and impure soectrum
Q. Assume an economy is in a liquidity trap. A. Write an equation expressing interest rate parity under a fixed exchange rate regime. Answer: Liquidity trap entail R = 0
Regarding filtering, image masking & convolution. Assume we have the following Infra-Red image: What filter would you use to remove the impulsive noise in the first row o
What are the basic requirements of a Laser? Basic requirement of a Laser are as follows: 1. Active Medium: Active basic medium is needed to start the laser action. There
Complementarity principle (N. Bohr) The principle which a given system cannot exhibit wave-like and particle-like both behaviors at the similar time. i.e., certain experiments
Reflection of a Pulse at a Free End Let's assume a pulse moving by a medium - perhaps by a rope or a slinky. What happens to the pulse while it reaches the end of in which medi
Examples of unlike parallel forces
1. Consider the centripetal acceleration due to the earth's spin for a CWRU student sitting in Strosacker auditorium. [The radius of the earth is R = 6378.1 km, Cleveland's lati
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