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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
A ray of light XY strikes a surface of a mirror ABCD at point P. a) Determine the path of the incident ray X-Y-P and the reflected ray P-Z and show this path in all views. (Hin
Where is the electric potential because of a single negatively charged particle a maximum? Answer: One could acquire at this one by looking at the formula for the electri
Q. What are electromagnetic waves? As-per to Maxwell a speed up charge is a source of electromagnetic radiation. In an electromagnetic wave electric as well as magnetic field
Explain how receiver functions in fibre optic communication system. Receiver: The optical signal received must be first converted within digital form and in case analog outp
Q. Define: Electric flux. Give its unit. The electric flux is described as the total number of electric lines of force crossing through the given area and its unit is Nm 2 C-1
An astronaut on a small planet wishes to measure the local value of g by timing pulses traveling down a wire which hasa large object suspended from it. Assume a wire of mass3.50
Applied Force (Fapp) : an applied force is a force that is useful to an object by a person or another object. If a person is approaching a desk across the room, there is applied fo
Given a particle moving along a straight line with fixed acceleration a. Let u be the initial velocity of the particle and v be the velocity at time t. So by definition,
Hexane is throttled from 18.15 bar, 507.6 K to 0.1 bar. Determine the temperature at the exit and the entropy generation. Steam is cooled under constant pressure from 400 o C,
A coil havingof a resistance of 100 and an inductance of 200mH. If an alternating voltage, v, givenby v=200sin500t volts is applied across the coil, measure (a) The circuit
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