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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Mach number is the ratio of velocity of source to the velocity of sound. Mach Number = Velocity of Source / Velocity of Sound .
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State Huygens ' Principle. For reflection of a plane wave front at a plane reflecting surface, construct the corresponding reflected wave front. Using this diagram, state that angl
(i) A matter pulse is not electromagnetic in behavior. (ii) Practical observation of matter waves is possible only when the de-Broglie wavelength is of the order of the size of
(i) Value of vibration of a particle is described as the number of vibrations done by particle in one second. (ii) It is the value of total wavelengths traversed by the wave in
Q. Carbon-14, or 14 C, is an isotope of the common 12 6 C, and is used in dating ancient artifacts. What is the composition of its nucleus? Six protons (equal to Z) an
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What do you mean by normal adjustment of a telescope? In What way it is better? What is the need of erecting lens in a terrestrial telescope? What do you mean by its magnific
Electrical work: Electrical work is done if a quantity of charge (coulombs) is moved between two points which are at different electrical potentials. The SI unit of work
Q. A beam of electrons travelling with a speed of 4 X 10 7 ms -1 is projected normal to a magnetic field of B = 10 -3 Wb m -2 . What is the path of the beam in the magnetic fiel
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