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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
how to find magnetic moment and the principle behind the magnetometer?
Constant Acceleration 1-dimensional kinematics of a body undergoing constant acceleration. Involves visually integrating the acceleration and velocity graphs or visually differ
Consider two identical plastic foam balls each one having a thin sheath of aluminium foil. One of the balls has a few positive charges and the other has the same amount of negative
If a traveling wave is a sin or cos function of (x± vt) the wave than it is said to be harmonic or plane progressive wave.
Define Entropy of Ideal Gas? A vessel of volume V 1 contains N molecules of an ideal gas held at temperature T and pressure P 1. The energy of a molecule may be written in t
example of rigid body
What should be the length of the dipole antenna for a carrier wave of Frequency 3 X 1O 8 Hz? Define 'electric line of force' and give its two important properties.
Steel: Steel contains iron with a small percentage of carbon added it. Iron itself is not very strong but the additions of small percentage of carbon in it decrease the ductility
Explain logarithmic decrement? Evaluate the ratio of nth amplitude with 1st amplitude in case of under damped oscillation.
Echo: The sound heard after reflection from an obstacle is known as echo.
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