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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Construction of a transformer: The essential parts of a transformer are: i) core ii) primary coil and iii) secondary coil. In its general form, a core (C) consists of a soft-ir
How many significant digits are there in each of the following measurements? a. 100 m 1 b. 0.0023 m/s 2 c. 100.1 m 4 d. 2.0023 5
AC Output Resistance in Common Emitter Configuration Ratio of change in collector-emitter voltage (?V CE ) to the change in collector current (?I C ) at constant base curren
Q. What is Maser? Give the principle of it. 1) The term MASER for Microwave Amplification through Stimulated Emission of Radiation. 2) The working of maser is similar to th
Surface tension can be explained in given possible ways: (i) The property of a liquid on account of which it tends to keep minimum number of molecules in its free surface is d
example of rigid body
Can you give the graphical comparison among the following three kinds of harmonic motion: i. Under damped harmonic motion ii. Over damped harmonic motion iii. Critically
A Plane polarized light is incident on a piece of quartz cut parallel to its axis. Evaluate the least thickness for which ordinary ray and extraordinary ray combine
When a semiconductor is doped with a P-type impurity, each impurity atom will (A) Acquire negative charge. (B) Acquire positive charge. (C) Remain
There is a point between the Earth and the Moon where the gravitational effects of the two bodies balance each other. Calculate the distance from the center of the Earth to this po
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