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What is a Database?
To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS.
Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular meaning (e.g. 1, ABC, 19 etc).
Record: Collection of related data items, e.g. in the above instance the three data items had no meaning. But if we organize them in the following way, then they collectively show meaningful information.
Differentiate OO development from structured development. Structured approach of problem solving is based upon the idea of decomposition of system into subsystem. In this appro
If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 ∩R2 is the relation that contains all tuples that are in both the relations In other words,
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
Part 1: Security Plan Consider the Case study and identify 3 security requirements. For each of these security requirements: • Discuss the necessity for the feature and how
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
Problem: ‘Users and Information system specialists need to spend inordinate amounts of time locating and gathering data' (Watson and Hal, 1998) Recent developments in the ar
Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction. In this protocol every transaction issue lock and u
Suppose an instruction takes 1 nanosecond to execute (on average), a page fault takes 20 microseconds of processor time, and it takes 300 microseconds of disk time to read or write
Describe sequential file organization. Explain the rules for (i) Inserting a new record. (ii) Deleting an existing record. Ans:A sequential f
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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