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What is a Database?
To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS.
Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular meaning (e.g. 1, ABC, 19 etc).
Record: Collection of related data items, e.g. in the above instance the three data items had no meaning. But if we organize them in the following way, then they collectively show meaningful information.
What is meant by object identifiers? Object-oriented systems use an object identifier to recognize objects. Object identifiers are unique: that is every object has a single ide
Q. Explain the terms key constraints participation constraints and mapping caradinalities in ER model. Participation Constraints : The participation of an entity set E i
Security: In a centralised system, access to the data can be simply controlled. Though, in a distributed DBMS not only does access to replicated data have to be controlled in many
Give an example of enforcement in Typing. You can understand the idea of enforcement as it makes sure objects of dissimilar classes may not be interchanged as below: Exampl
Write an sql statement to find what is the percentage of home policies which are from the state of Arizona out of all Home policies by Policy Value.
Explain the EXISTS and UNIQUE functions of SQL. Give an example for each? EXISTS: The EXISTS function takes one parameter that is a SQL statement. If any records exist which
What is the purpose of storage manager? The storage manager is responsible for the following a) Interaction with the file manager b) Translation of DML commands in to low
Explain how the object classes are mapped to tables. Each object class maps to one or more than one tables in the database. The objects in the class may be partitioned horizont
Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
Deletion Anomalies: Loss of important Information: In some cases, useful information may be lost when a tuple is deleted. For instance, if we delete the tuple corresponding to stu
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