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What is a Database?
To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS.
Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular meaning (e.g. 1, ABC, 19 etc).
Record: Collection of related data items, e.g. in the above instance the three data items had no meaning. But if we organize them in the following way, then they collectively show meaningful information.
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
1 - Serial RS232 comm port comunication 2 - NanoHTTPD serving a few processed pages 3 - System tray application to indicate status and access configuration forms 4 - SQLit
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Explain the concept of generalization and aggregation in E_R diagrams. Give one example for each one of them? Generalization: Consider extending the entity set account throug
Explain the Role of a database administrator a. Defining the Schema The DBA describes the schema which consists of the structure of the data in the application. The DBA
define lock conversion
Represent the following scenarios with E-R diagrams drawn using the ER Assistant software. The diagrams should indicate cardinality and optionality of relationships. Transform each
Explain Growing Phase of locking Growing Phase: In this phase the transaction can only obtain locks, but cannot release any lock. The transaction enters the growing phase as so
Let us first describe the term relationships. What Are Relationships? A relationship can be defined as: A set of associations or connection, or A rule for communic
Can a filed occur in several field groups. Yes. But it leads to redundant data redundancy.
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