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What is a Database?
To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS.
Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular meaning (e.g. 1, ABC, 19 etc).
Record: Collection of related data items, e.g. in the above instance the three data items had no meaning. But if we organize them in the following way, then they collectively show meaningful information.
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
Submit SQL INSERT Statements that will populate the database with sample data. You must insert at least 5 records into each table in your database.Submit your SQL INSERT Statement
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
how to write tables and drow E-R diagrams for hosiptal management system and how to normalize and cardinalities?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a database system. Sol. Advantages of Database System (DBMS) : (1) Data Redundancy and Inconsistency: Since differen
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
Horizontal Fragmentation- Horizontal fragmentation groups together the tuples in a relation that are collectively used by the main transactions. A horizontal fragment is produced b
List some instances of collection types? a) sets b) arrays c) multisets
Consider a database application that deals with an Employee relation with information such as SIN, name, data of birth (DOB), and DID (the ID of the department at which the employe
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