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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
explain ER Modeling?
With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
Problem: You are given the following schema 1. Flights(flno, from, to, distance) 2. Aircraft(aid, flno, aname, cruisingRange) 3. Certified(eid, aid) 4. Employees(eid, ena
Question 1 What do you mean by database management system? Question 2 Write a note on Object-Oriented Model Question 3 Explain Sequential File Organization Question
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
What is authorization graph? Passing of authorization from single user to another can be shown by an authorization graph.
write program
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
as a customer service employee, explain five measures you would recommend a displeased student to patronise a school canteen
What is difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE? - Truncate can't be rolled back whereas Delete can be. - Truncate keeps the lock on table whereas Delete keeps the lock on ea
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