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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Explain the Functional Mode with help of an example. Functional Model The functional model shows a computation and functional derivation of data values in it without ind
various techniques of hashing?
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
Normalization :It is a process of examine the given relation schemas based on their primary key and Functional Dependencies (FDs) to achieve the properties Minimizing redun
What will be create when a primary key if combined with a foreign key? A primary key if combined with a foreign key it creates Parent-Child relationship between the tables that
Describe the statement in SQL which allows to change the definition of a table? In SQL Alter statement is used to allow the changes the definition of a table.
Farmer Bob, Farmer Jane and Farmer Jose run a cow farming co-op. For every cow they keep the cow’s name, age (or date of birth), breed and numbered plastic ear tag. The each of t
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Write short notes on domain relational calculus The domain relational calculus uses domain variables that take on values from an attribute domain rather than values for whole t
Describe logical data independence ? Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application p
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