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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
lock and types of lock
Column Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, DEFAULT, REFERENCES, On delete Cascade : Using this key whenever a parent row is removed in a referenced
What is the most significant feature that does not directly map into programming language structures? Why? Association, since there are complex types of association, like as qu
Gaps in sequence values can happen when: - A rollback happens that is when a statement changes are not accepted. - When the system crashes - When a sequence i
Explain outer join? Outer Join - If there are any values in one table which do not have corresponding value(s) in the other, in an equi-join which will not be chosen. Such ro
Limitations of File Based System The file-based system has some limitations. The limitations are listed as follows: Isolation and separation of data: When the data is
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
Explain the B + tree? B + tree is a type of tree which denotes sorted data in a way that permits for efficient insertion, retrieval and removal of records, each of which is
Where does view definition stored? A view definition is permanently stored as part of the database.
The aims of the project are: 1. To enable the students to undertake the detailed design of a specific plant or process 2. The design projects includes: process selection; und
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