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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
What are the properties in a relation ? In a relation Ordering of rows is immaterial and No two rows are identical.
List some security violations (or) name any forms of malicious access. A) Unauthorized reading of data B) Unauthorized modification of data C) Unauthorized destruction of
Describe the functions and features of foreign key? Foreign Key : The primary key of one file or table that is implanted in another file or table to implement the relationships
Many-to-many : Entities in A and B are related with any number of entities from each other. Example: Taught_by Relationship among course and faculty. One faculty member ca
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What is meant by buffer blocks and disk buffer The blocks residing temporarily in main memory are referred to as buffer blocks. The area of memory where blocks reside t
In the first unit of this block, you have been given with the details of the Database Management System, its structure, advantages etc. This unit is an attempt to give you informat
The indices are accumulated in the index files. The data is accumulated in the data files. Indices give fast access to data items. For example, a book database may be managed in th
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
#quCreate a database design specification (Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagram (EERD) and Relational Data Model (RDM)) from the given business description. The RDM must be in 3rd
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