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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the
The database files accept the actual data and are typically the biggest in size. Depending on their shape, the tables for all the user operation can go in one database file-but
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
Physical Database Design Issues The database design includes the process of logical design with the use of E-R diagram, normalisation, etc., followed by the physical design.
It can be easily defined as: The database must not have any unmatched foreign key values. The term "unmatched foreign key value" means a foreign key value for which there doe
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
What is deadlock? How can it be avoided? How can it be resolved once it occurs? Deadlock happens when two transactions are each waiting on a resource that the other transaction
Example- Search the salary of employees who are not 'ANALYST' but get a salary below than or equal to any people employed as 'ANALYST'. SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROMEMP
Single-Valued Dependencies A database is a collection of related information and it is therefore inevitable that some items of information in the database would depend on some
State The position of object at any moment is called state. An object can have many states depend upon time. After receiving some input instructions, the object can change its
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