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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Security: Data not needed by local applications is not stored at the site, therefore no unnecessary security violations may exist. But how can we carry out fragmentation? Fragm
What is the main difference between read-only and update methods? A read-only method does not affect the values of a variable in an object, whereas an update method may alter t
Q. What is relational algebra and calculus? Explain the relational algebra operators :- Selection and predicate, set operation, joins and division. Sol. Relational Algebra
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface between the Low level data kept in a database and the application programs
What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary? The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary: Information on fields displayed with
What is Secondary Index While making the index, generally the index table is kept in the primary memory (RAM) and the main table, because of its size is keeps in the secondary
what is correlation in nested query
The following variant of the primary copy asynchronous-update replication protocol has been proposed for totally replicated systems. (a) A transaction executing at site A updat
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
Q. Why would you choose a database system instead of simply storing data in operating system file? Define at a base concept in details. Sol. Advantages of Database over Fil
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