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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
What is aggregate function? Briefly describe it? Aggregate functions are functions that take a collection of values as input and return a one value. SQL offers 5 built-in aggre
E-R model uses this symbol to represent weak entity set ? A Doubly outlined rectangle symbol is used to represent weak entity set.
What are the two types of indices? The two types of indices are:- A) Dense index B) Sparse index
Define the basic operations of the relational algebra? Ans: Basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in bot
Define an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities Ans: Aggregation. It is an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level
What is DML compiler? DML Compiler: Translates DML statements in a query language within low level instructions understandable through the query evaluation engine. Attempts to
Multilevel Index The Multilevel Index is a modification of the secondary level index system. In this system we might be use even more number of levels in case the table is eve
Problem Explain at least five relational algebraic operators with a suitable example. Note: All the above descriptions should be done by taking at least two examples from ou
Synonyms and Indexes Some of the essential properties of indexes are: An Index is a schema Object Indexes can be formed explicitly or automatically Indexes are m
Creating a view: A query can be embedded within the CREATE VIEW STATEMENT A query can have complex select statements containing join, groups and sub- queries A quer
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