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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
What are wait-for-graphs?Give the algorithm to construct a wait-for-graph from a given schedule of transactions? How can deadlocks be detected from wait-for-graphs? Ans: The
multiplicity constarin
Determine the advantage of object-orientation Finally, object-orientation has advantage of continuity throughout analysis, persistent representation and design implementation.
Every simple attribute of an entity type have a possible set of values that can be attached to it. This is known as the domain of an attribute. An attribute cannot have a value out
What is transaction? Collections of operations that form a single logical unit of work are known as transactions.
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
Use inheritance as an implementation technique when you are going to use inheritance as an implementation technique, you can achieve same goal in a safer way by making one cla
a brief definition
explain various steps uses in evaluation and maintenance of MIS.
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