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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Define Shared locks? Ans: Shared lock: Throughout concurrent execution of transactions, earlier than a transaction can access a data item, it has to obtain a lock on it. Now he
why shadow copy technique is used?
Question : (a) Database Management Systems (DBMS) is the foundation of business intelligence. Explain the following concepts related to DBMS: (i) Entity Relationship Diagr
Describe analysis of access paths To describe analysis of access paths, consider an example of the design of a company's employee skills database. A part of the object model fr
What is Normalization? Database normalization is a data design and organization method applied to data structures based on rules that help building relational databases. In rel
What is Conceptual Schema? Conceptual Schema - Conceptual schema elaborates the structure of the overall database for a community of users. It hides the details of physical sto
Give an example of multiple inheritance. One example of multiple inheritance is a committee for students affair which include faculty and administrative staff member.
Entity types that do not have any key attribute, and therefore cannot be identified independently, are known as weak entity types. A weak entity can be recognized uniquely only by
The PROJECT operation The project operation is used to choose the records with specified attributes as discarding the others based on some related criteria. This is denotes as ∏
What is 2NF? A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary key.
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