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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
Submit SQL INSERT Statements that will populate the database with sample data. You must insert at least 5 records into each table in your database.Submit your SQL INSERT Statement
How Relational Calculus is different from Relational Algebra? What do understand by TRC queries and DRC queries? Ans: Relational calculus contain two calculi, the tuple relati
What are the benefits of OOA technology? Using OOA technology can produce many benefits, such as: i) Reusability of code ii) Productivity is gained through direct mappi
What Is Recovery? During the life of a transaction, i.e., a after the start of a transaction but before the transaction commits, various changes may be made in a database state
let us consider a table having 2200 records and the fixed size of the table to be considered as 25.then how many numbers of table is requredto perform horizontal fragmentation
Explain the differences between structured data and unstructured data. Structured data are facts concerning objects and events. The most significant structured data are numeric
Consider the table student and list names of students in the departments other than maths and computer. SELECT std_name FRM student WHERE dept_name NOT IN (‘Maths','Computer);
Properties of a Transaction A transaction has four main properties. These are: Atomicity Consistency Isolation or Independence Durability or Permanen
What is called as recursive partitioning? The system repeats the splitting of the input unless each partition of the build input fits in the memory. Such partitioning is known
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