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What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface?
Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is a method for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to preserve the database against specific types of logical or structural problems, that are data anomalies. For instance, when multiple instances of a given piece of information take place in a table, the possibility exists that these examples will not be kept consistent while the data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is adequately normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this type, as its structure reflects the basic assumptions for while multiple instances of similar information should be denoted by a single instance only.
Explain mechanism of nested queries? SQL gives a mechanism for nesting subqueries. A subquery is a select from where expression that is nested within one more query. A common u
Define multivalued dependency and 4NF. Ans: Multivalued Dependency - Assume R be a relation schema and let α ⊆ R and β ⊆ R. The multivalued dependency α →→β holds o
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
What is Hierarchical DBMS In HDBMS, data is structured in a tree like manner. There is a parent-child relationship between data items and the data model is very suitable for re
Write short notes on domain relational calculus The domain relational calculus uses domain variables that take on values from an attribute domain rather than values for whole
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
I need solution of the question posted at http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/sql-query-for-testing-triggers-and-stored-procedures-30140149.aspx
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
Explain query execution plan? - Optimizer available in SQL Server optimizes code to be effectively executed. - A query execution plan demonstrates how this optimizer would r
need to get answer for questions 3&4 on this page in part 1
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