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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Consider the following database schema: STAFF(StaffNo, fName, lName, Position, sex, dob, branchNo) BRANCH(BranchNo, Street, City) Assume the following for the above database
Describe the Composite Key Composite Key: Sometimes one key is not enough to uniquely recognize a row. E.g. in a single class Roll is enough to search a student, but in the w
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
The Database administrator (DBA) uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle, beginning from the data gathering phase to the design, execution and maintenance p
Explain the cartesian product in Database Management System
Briefly explain each of the following database terms. Use no more than 2-3 lines for each term. 1. DBMS 2. Update Anomaly 3. Alias (referring to tables in SQL queries)
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
Database Recovery And Security Introduction In this part we will introduce two main issues relating to database management systems. A computer system suffers from dissi
The ABC Bank authority now wants to create a database for their customers. So you are requested to modify your program of Assignment A3 as follows. The main program first displa
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