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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Differentiate between strict two-phase and rigorous two-phase with conversion protocol Ans: Strict two-phase locking holds all its exclusive that is write locks until commit t
Define Query by Example QBE is a query language relies upon domain calculus and has two dimensional syntax. The queries are written in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of
3 assignments combined in 1
Creating views with Replace option : This option is used to alter the definition of the view without recreating and dropping it or regranting object privileges previously granted o
explain ER Modeling?
Explain the challenges before an E-business management.
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
What is the use of Union and intersection operation? Union: The result of this operation contains all tuples that are either in r1 or in r2 or in both r1 and r2.Duplicate tuple
What is Oracle databse structure? Oracle database structure: The relational model has three main aspects: Structures: Structures are well-defined objects which store th
In which format database schema is written ? Data base schema is written in the DDL format.
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