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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
a) Suppose we updated the catalog tables in real time, that is, after every update, insert, or delete SQL statement were executed-rather than only running RUNSTATS once every few
Define Cascading rollback The phenomenon where a single transaction failure leads to a series of transaction rollbacks is known as Cascading rollback.
Differance between DDL and SDL? DDL and SDL - The data definition language (DDL) is used through DBA and database designers to describe internal schema, conceptual schema, and
Primary Key The primary key is the candidate key that is selected by the database designer as the principal denotes of identifying entities within an entity set. The left candi
What are the different integrity constraints in RDBMS? The various integrity constraints in RDBMS are as: Primary Key: primary key is a grouping of one or more attributes
Consider the join of a relation R with relation S. If R has m tuples and S has n tuples, then the maximum size of join is: If R has m tuples and S has n tuples then maximum siz
Define check point and its impact on data base recovery. Ans: There could be hundreds of transactions handled per minute, in a large on-line database system.
joins
Describe queries with complex types? The present extension of the SQL query language deal with the complex type Let us start with the simple example: Find the title and t
Section A: Use the following tables to create a database called College. Use SQL commands. Student stuid(primary) lastName firstName
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