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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Define the concept of Object Diagram An object diagram shows a set of the objects and their relationships with each other at a point of time. In a static view, object diagram
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Write the motivations led to development of OO-DBMS? 1. Programmer frustration with RDBMSs. 2. Requirement for special features.
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
Advantages of Observation Methods: Bailey has pointed out four advantages of observation: 1. Superior in Data Collection on Non Verbal Behavior: When a person a opi
Which types of data supported by MySQL for Time and Date formats? MySQL supports a number of time and date column formats: Some of them are 1) DATE 2) DATETIME 3) TIM
Define tuple variable Tuple variable is a type of variable whose domain is the set of all tuples.
How to create a table from existing table? Create table as e.g, To create a new table ‘N_emp' with employee names and their identification numbers only from employee ta
What is data block? Data Block - In oracle the data blocks are referred to as tablespaces. A tablespace is an fields of disk consisting of one or more disk files. A tablespace
Explain data dictonary on oracle ? Data Dictionary - Data dictionaries are the system tables in which contain descriptions of the database objects and how they are structured.
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