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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
The Internal or Physical Level The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is t
explain in detail about time stamp orderting/
Drawbacks of Data Distribution: The primary drawbacks of distributed database systems are the added complexity needed to ensure proper coordination between the sites. This increas
Describe how you can simplify Operations. To simplify operation, one should use inheritance, where possible to use, to reduce the quantity of distinct operations. Introduce new
online eductional management system ke diagram
What are the advantages of object oriented databases in comparison with others? Why it is still not widely used? Object oriented designs are coherent, efficient and less prone
Greater potential for bugs: Since the sites of a distributed system operate simultaneously, it is more complex to ensure the correctness of algorithms. The art of constructing dis
What are three components of the schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC? The three component schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC is as given below: External sche
What is system catalog or catalog relation? How is better known as? A RDBMS maintains a explanation of all the data that it contains, information about every relation and index
Problem: (a) Given the following relation: Stats(Name,Sex,Children, Occupation, Salary, Tax, Audits) Write SQL code to define the following security constraints: (i) User
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