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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
create an e-r diagram usuing graphical dipicted software that could theoritically be used in resturant application
Multilevel Index The Multilevel Index is a modification of the secondary level index system. In this system we might be use even more number of levels in case the table is eve
What is database utility? Database utility is the interface among the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
List the types of authorization. A) Read authorization B) Write authorization C) Update authorization D) Drop authorization
Consider student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, phone, dept_name). Put the data for a student with student id200, name arun, birth date 1 February, 1985, phone number (01110 328
Primary index A primary index is a file that has a sorted series of records having two columns: a block address for that key field in the data file; and the ordering key field.
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
What is a query tree? Ans: A query tree, as well known as operator graph, is a tree data structure that corresponds to a relational algebra expression. It denotes the inpu
Hierarchical
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