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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Describe logical data independence ? Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application p
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction. In this protocol every transaction issue lock and u
All edges of a cube are expanding at a rate of 6 centimeters per second. How fast is the surface area changing when each edge is (a) 2 centimeters and (b) 10 centimeters?
What are the functions of an accumulator? The accumulator is the register associated with the ALU operations and sometimes I/O operations. It is an integral part of ALU. It hol
INTRODUCTION Databases and database systems have become an essential part of our daily life. We encounter many activities that involve some interaction with a database almost
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Ask questiwhat is row indicator in database on #Minimum 100 words accepted#
What are the properties in a relation ? In a relation Ordering of rows is immaterial and No two rows are identical.
Define data conversion? Helpful to load data into temporary staging tables. Then can write SQL code to do much of data processing. SQL code is simpler and faster to write than
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