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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL? A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row processing through the application programs. SQL statements
Boyce-Code Normal Form (BCNF) A relationship is said to be in BCNF if it is already in 3NF and the left hand side of each dependency is a candidate key. A relation who is in 3N
Describe identifying relationship? Identifying relationship: It is relationship among strong entity and a weak entity it is represented through a doubly outlined diamond in C
Define an operator that a Relational Algebra does not have Ans: Relational Algebra does not have Aggregation operators.
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
Draw an ER diagram that shows the organization of a simple student database. The database captures the information about letter grades obtained by university students who enrolled
non numeric literals
Process of Adjustment of inheritance During object design, inheritance is readjusted by rearranging classes and operations, and abstracting common behaviour.
what is correlation in nested query
Explain retrieval in QBE? Retrieval in QBE : A "GUI" for expressing queries. Based on the Domain Relational Calculus (DRC) Actually invented before GUIs. Very co
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