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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Discuss deferred update technique of recovery. What are the advantages? Ans: The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transact
Gyan Gurukul is a software company that provides software related solution. Ashutosh Dubey who is the director of Gyan Gurukul want a three-level schema architecture for the Gyan G
The indices are accumulated in the index files. The data is accumulated in the data files. Indices give fast access to data items. For example, a book database may be managed in th
In a relational model how relations are termed? In a relational model, relations are termed as tables. (The term ‘relation’ is the technical name of the ‘table’ in RDBMS)
Mention the various user privileges All privileges directly granted to the user or role. All privileges granted to roles that have been granted to the user or role.
Describe a technique for direct search? Explain how data is stored within a file so which direct searching can be performed. For a file of unordered fixed length records by u
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Explain the Static or conservative Two Phase Locking: Static (or conservative) Two Phase Locking: In this type of scheme, all the data items are locked earlier than any opera
What is the function of IO/M signal in the 8085? It is a status signal. It is used to differentiate among memory locations and I/O operations. When this signal is low (IO/M = 0
What is Object Oriented model? This model is based on collection of objects. An object has values stored in instance variables with in the object. An object also having bodies
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