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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Describe integrity and security? a) Domain constraint b) Referential integrity A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear fo
What is recovery management component? Ensuring durability is the responsibility of a software component of the base system known as the recovery management component.
Strict 2PL :Though, this basic 2PL suffers from the trouble that it can result into loss of isolation / atomic property of transaction as theoretically speaking once a lock is rele
What is difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE? - Truncate can't be rolled back whereas Delete can be. - Truncate keeps the lock on table whereas Delete keeps the lock on ea
Wait-die" scheme : The idea is based on non-preventive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by T
How is the database organised in Oracle? Database organized within Oracle in terms of table and table holds attributes and values. A database consists of one or more logical
distributed quey processing
Physical Database Design Issues The database design includes the process of logical design with the use of E-R diagram, normalisation, etc., followed by the physical design.
What are the comparison operator in SQL? Comparison operator in SQL are =, LIKE and BETWEEN
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
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