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What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain?
Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language called data definition language. For instance, the subsequent statement in the SQL describes the account table
Create table account (account_number char(10), balance integer)
Execution of the above DDL statement creates the account table. DDL permits a user to specify storage structure and access techniques used through the database system as well as specify certain consistency constraints such as balance of an account should on fall below Rs1000.
Data Manipulation language (DML): A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized through the appropriate data model.
There are basically two types:
1) Procedural DMLs needs a user to specify what data are required and how to get those data. 2) Declarative DMLs (also referred to as nonprocedural DMLs) need a user to specify what data are required without specifying how to get those data.
Briefly explain the state diagram by taking one example. State Diagram - An object can be given a sequence of input instructions. The state of the object can vary depending u
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
what is stracture of dabms
What are the purpose for having variable length records? What kinds of separator characters are required for each? Variable-Length Records - Variable-length records are thos
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
Differentiate between Primary and secondary storage? Primary and secondary storage - Primary storage device stores the data temporarily. Primary storage is commonly used thro
WHAT IS DATABASE TECHNOLOGIES
Multilevel Index The Multilevel Index is a modification of the secondary level index system. In this system we might be use even more number of levels in case the table is eve
Write a Query that uses the UNION Operator 1. Use the Software Experts database to: a. Display the first and the last name of all consultants who worked on any projects f
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