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What are the DBMS languages? Explain.
Ans: a) Data Definition Languages (DDL): It is employed to specify database schema for example CREATE DROP statements etc.
b) Data Manipulation language (DML): DML is employed to express database queries and update. For example: SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements, etc.
What is an index? An index is a structure that helps to place desired records of a relation quickly, without probing all records.
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
What is multiple relationship ?
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Define outer union operation of the relational algebra. Compute the outer union for the relations R and S given below. Outer Join - If there are any values in one tabl
Using a labelled diagram explain the operation of the Data Warehouse, define the basic architectural components and outline the main functionalities. Briefly explain the role an op
Un-Normalized Form (UNF) If a table having non-atomic values at every row, it is said to be in UNF. An atomic value is something that cannot be further decomposed. A non-atomic
Failures and Recovery In practice various things might occur to prevent a transaction from completing. Recovery methods are used to bring database, which does not satisfy consi
Consider an information system designed for an online company which provides IT products and services These include desktops, laptops, networking products, IT books, parts, and
What is called block-level striping? Block level striping stripes blocks across many disks. It treats the array of disks as a large disk, and provides blocks logical numbers
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