What are protein hydrolysates, Biology

Assignment Help:

What are protein hydrolysates?

Proteins that have been treated with enzymes to break them down into amino acids or shorter peptides are referred to as protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates are valued for their superior nutritional qualities, including increased bioavailability and reduced antigenecity. Several enzymatic modifications of proteins / enzymes are known to occur in biological systems. Such modifications of proteins in vitro can be used to improve their functional properties. Only few of the enzymatic modifications of proteins are practical for modifying proteins for food use. Hydrolysis of food proteins using proteases (trypsin, chymootrypsin, papain and thermolysin) alters their functional properties. Extensive hydrolysis by nonspecific proteases, such as papain, cause stabilization of even poorly soluble proteins. Such hydrolysates usually contain low molecular weight epties of the order 2-4 amino acids residues. Extensive hydrolysis damages several functional properties, such as gelation, foaming and emulsifying properties. These modified proteins are useful in liquid-type foods, such as soups and sauces, where solubility is a primary criterion and feeding a person who might not be able to digest solid foods.

Partial hydrolysis of proteins either by using site-specific enzymes (such as trypsin or chymotrypsin) or by control of hydrolysis time, often improves foaming and emulsification properties, but not gelling properties. With some proteins, partial hydrolysis may cause a transient decrease in solubility, because of exposure of the buried hydrophobic regions. The drawback of many protein hydrolysates, is that when hydrolysed, most of the food proteins liberate bitter tasting peptides, which affect their acceptability in certain applications. The bitterness is associated with their mean hydrophobicity. The intensity of bitterness depends on the amino acid composition and sequence and the type of protease used. Hydrolysates of hydrophilic proteins, such as gelatin; are less bitter than the hydrolysates of hydrophobic proteins, such as casein and soya proteins. Protease that show specificity for cleavage at hydrophobic residues, produce hydrolysates that are less bitter than those enzymes which have a broader specificity. Thus, thermolysin, which specifically attacks the amino side of hydrophobic residues, produces hydrolysates that are less bitter than those produced by low specificity trypsin, pepsin and chymotrypsin.


Related Discussions:- What are protein hydrolysates

Haemolysis-complications of prosthetic valves, Haemolysis :  Mechanical va...

Haemolysis :  Mechanical valves, bioprosthetic valves as well as valves repaired with annuloplasty rings may cause haemolysis and related anaemia. This is more common when there i

Can you illustrate period of meiosis, Q. What is the crossing over? And In ...

Q. What is the crossing over? And In which period of meiosis does this event occur? Crossing over is the eventual exchange of chromosomal fragments among homologous chromosomes

Functions of skeleton, FUNCTIONS OF SKELETON - 1.      Support. 2.  ...

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETON - 1.      Support. 2.      To give shape to the body. 3.      Protection of different organs. 4.       Site for muscle attachment. 5.       He

How cholera is generally spread in humans, How cholera is generally spread ...

How cholera is generally spread in humans Associated Foods: Cholera is generally a disease spread by poor sanitation, resulting in contaminated water supplies. Sporadic cases o

What is the expected phenotypic proportion, In tomatoes, two alleles of one...

In tomatoes, two alleles of one locus determine the character difference of purple versus green stems (alleles are P and p with P being completely dominatn and coding for purple st

Swine-pox, Swine-pox Pigs of 2 months of age may be infected with vaccinia...

Swine-pox Pigs of 2 months of age may be infected with vaccinia either naturally or artificially and show pox lesions on the eyelids, snot, inside the thigh and undersurface of th

What are colonies and societies, What are colonies and societies? Colon...

What are colonies and societies? Colonies are functional integrated aggregates produced by individuals of the same species. Colonies are often confused with a one individual. E

Explain arthritis, Explain Arthritis Arthritis - Oral therapy with doxy...

Explain Arthritis Arthritis - Oral therapy with doxycycline or amoxicillin for 28 days is usually effective for treatment of Lyme arthritis. Patients who have not responded to

Differential reinforcement of other behaviour, Differential reinforcement o...

Differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO) This is used to decrease frequent behaviour by reinforcing any behaviour other than the undesired one. An instance would be r

Evolution of culture, A general agreerncnt anlong nll the human evolutionis...

A general agreerncnt anlong nll the human evolutionists who may have a very radical philosophical hackground and convictions is that man is the result of an extraordinary evolution

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd