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What are deadlocks? How can they be avoided?
Ans: Deadlock considers to a particular condition when two or more processes are every waiting for another to release a resource, or much more than two processes are waiting for resources in a circular chain. Deadlock is a general problem in multiprocessing in which many processes share a particular type of mutually exclusive resource termed as a software, or soft, lock. Computers that are intended for the time-sharing and/or real-time markets are often equipped along with a hardware lock (or hard lock) that assures exclusive access to processes, forcing serialization. Deadlocks are specifically troubling as there is no general solution to avoid (soft) deadlocks.
One of the techniques of deadlock avoidance related to timestamps there are two types: wait-die and wound-wait.
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
Hierarchical model is also known by? A hierarchical model is also known as a Tree structure.
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Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML
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Suppose that in an organisation, an employee may do different roles in dissimilar projects. Say, RAM is doing coding in one project and doing designing in another. Suppose that the
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
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