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What are batch systems?
Early computers were physically huge machines run from a console. The general input devices were card readers and tape drivers. The common output devices were tape drivers, line printers, and cardpunches. The user didn't interact directly with the computer systems. Somewhat, the user prepared a job which consisted of the data, the program, and some control information about the nature of the job (control cards) - and submitted it to the computer operator .The job was typically in the form of punch cards. The output appeared following some later time (after minutes, hours or days). The output consisted of the end result of the program as well as a dump of the final memory and register contents for the debugging.
- To accelerate processing, operators batched collectively jobs with similar needs and ran them through the computer as a group. Therefore, the programmers would run off their program with the operator. The operator would arrange programs into batches with similar requirements and as the computer became available, would run each batch. The output from every job would be sent back to the appropriate programmer.
How does user specify block to be fetched in direct access? By specifying the relative block number, relative to first block in file, which is block 0.
list the prevention of mechanism for race condition with operating system
What is named pipes?
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), also called Internet telephone, was once a novelty on the Internet, but not very useful because of all the problems with poor voice quality and
Additional-reference-bits algorithm We can keep an 8-bit byte for every page in a table in memory. The operating system shifts the reference bits right 1 bit, discarding the lo
Consider the following C program where M, N, K are predefined constants. Assume int is 4 bytes. Suppose this program is run on a machine with 4KB page size and 32 TLB entries. Init
Q. Why High level languages need Compiler? High level languages - illustrations are COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I andALGOL - are processed by interpreters andcompilers. A compilers is a
Problem: (a) Modern operating systems are interrupt driven. If there are no processes to execute, no I/O devices to service, and no users to whom to respond, an operating syste
why we say " OS is a resource allocator" and “OS is a control program"?
how are the window activate
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