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Water loss during excretion
In terrestrial animals body water is also lost during excretion of nitrogenous wastes. A number of physiological adaptations have taken place to minimise the loss of water associated with this phenomena. You have learnt in the previous Unit that among terrestrial invertebrates, insects are highly effective in conserving water.
In terrestrial vertebrates, kidney is the chief organ of osmoregulation and excretion. The loop of Henle is the specialised part of the nephron which produces hyperosmotic urine. Amphibians and reptiles which are unable to produce a hyperosmotic urine, as an adaptive consequence, cease urine production entirely during the period of osmotic stress.
Which organs are protected by (a) the skull, (b) the rib cage, (c) the vertebrae? a) The skull safe the brain, b) the rib cage safes the heart, lungs, liver and spleen,
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Define Criteria for Assessment of Vitamin D Status? You may recall the events involved in calcium homeostasis described earlier in this section. We studied that sufficient 25-O
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