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Water loss during excretion
In terrestrial animals body water is also lost during excretion of nitrogenous wastes. A number of physiological adaptations have taken place to minimise the loss of water associated with this phenomena. You have learnt in the previous Unit that among terrestrial invertebrates, insects are highly effective in conserving water.
In terrestrial vertebrates, kidney is the chief organ of osmoregulation and excretion. The loop of Henle is the specialised part of the nephron which produces hyperosmotic urine. Amphibians and reptiles which are unable to produce a hyperosmotic urine, as an adaptive consequence, cease urine production entirely during the period of osmotic stress.
Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Stap
Enzymes are proteins that are catalysts of chemical reactions. From Chemistry, it is called that catalysts are non-consumable substances that decrease the activation energy essenti
Q. What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system? The musculoskeletal system has the functions of protecting and supporting organs, maintenance of the body spatial confo
Explain Nutrient needs and Recommended Dietary Allowances? For infants and preschoolers, satisfactory growth is a sensitive criterion of whether needs are met. 50 th percentil
Q. Amphibian identity card. How are amphibians characterized according to examples of representing beings, basic morphology, circulation, skin, nitrogen waste, respiration, thermal
Walking In the process of walking the motion of the two legs is coordinated so that one foot or the other is always in contact with ground. Walking is the best form of exercise
Mollusks
The mitral valve has an anterior and a posterior cusp. The anterior cusp is larger and is attached on the upper right part of the margin of the left AV orifice. The posterior cusp
Emulsions You may have eaten Mayonnaise. Some of you may also know how it is made. Mayonnaise is a liquid in liquid dispersion, in fact a true emulsion. A true emulsion re
Freediving is an activity in which a person dives, sometimes to great depth, without the use of scuba gear. The diver must hold his or her breath for the duration of the dive. (The
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