Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Explain the Water balance function of the kidney
Water is one of the most important constituent in the daily diet. You are already aware of the roles it plays in our body. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in the body is an equally important consideration. Let us see how kidneys help to regulate and maintain water balance. The body excretes excess water through the kidneys. The balance between intake and output is maintained by the posterior pituitary hormone ADH or anti-diuretic hornzone or vasopressin. Substances that stimulate the formation of urine are termed as diuretics. The hormone ADH causes the suppression of urine. The minimum urinary output is about 500 ml per day average being 1500 ml. There are cells in the hypothalamus (in the brain) which are sensitive to the changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood. These sensory receptors sensing the osmotic pressure are called as osmorecrptors. When the concentration of sodium and other osmotically active substances in the extracellular fluid rises, there is an increased osmotic pressure in the fluid.
Osmoreceptors (supraoptic nucleus) in the hypothalamus are stimulated. The hypothalamus sends message to the posterior pituitary gland and it secretes ADH. The ADH acts on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause an increase in the permeability resulting in an increased reabsorption of water which reduces osmotic pressure of the blood. The pore size of the epithelial cell is increased. This is enough for the water molecules to diffuse through, but does not allow most other substances in the tubular fluid to pass through. Thus water is returned to the body fluids whereas the sodium and other solutes are lost in the urine. In this way, the osmotic and water balance is maintained. If there is an increased concentration of dissolved substances in the blood, there is an increased ADH production. The water reabsorption under ADH influence in the DCT and collecting duct is known as facultative absorption. In deficiency of ADH, there is less facultative absorption, hence urine output is increased. This condition is called as diabetes insipidus. On the other hand, if the osmotic pressure of the blood is reduced due to increased plasma volume, the amount of ADH secretion is reduced and diuresis occurs. Two mechanisms that are involved in this process are: the structure and transport properties of the loop of Henle in the nephron, and the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also called as vasopressin, secreted by the pituitary gland.
Explain the Intercostal Muscles Look at Figure Can you spot the intercostal muscles? Yes, there are 11 pairs of intercostal muscles. The intercoastal muscles are the muscles
TO SHOW WHERE AIR MAY BE FOUND 1) Plunge a narrow-necked bottle, mouth down into ajar of water. Slowly tip the mouth of the bottle in the direction of the surface of the water
Define the Pre Motor Areas of the Cerebrum The pre motor areas too lie in the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the motor area as highlighted in the Figure. The cells are th
discuss six major topics of microbiology
What are the ratios allowed for three year olds and Child Care Centers in Colorado and what is the citation of the rules that addresses ratios?
Analysis soil texture by Feel Method Soil texture was recognised from very early times by experienced farmers from the "feel" of moist soil placed between the thumb and the for
Mechanical parameters Soil is a heterogeneous mixture of organic matter, salts, metal oxides, water and air with silicates as dominant constituents of varying size and composit
What is an atom?
Explain the Functions of Glucocorticoids Cortisol, cortisone and hydrocortisone are the names given to the glucocorticoids. What is their function in our body? They play a majo
Need for Code of Behaviour : A laboratory is a potentially dangerous working environment. Cuts from broken glass, chemical or thermal burns and poisoning are three examples of lab
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +1-415-670-9521
Phone: +1-415-670-9521
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd