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Variable Declaration - SQL
SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite different from that used to declare local variables. Example is SQL's counterpart of that example in the theory book but, as you know, CREATE TABLE is used for base tables.
Example: A Variable Declaration
DECLARE SN SID DEFAULT SID ('S1');
DECLARE in place of VAR and DEFAULT in place of INIT. The effect is exactly the same apart from the fact that, as already noted, SQL's type SID (here assumed to be a distinct type). The key word DEFAULT is perhaps a strange choice as that word normally suggests action to be taken by the system when no specific action is explicitly demanded by the user. Here it is used to state explicitly an immediate assignment to the variable being declared.
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Example of ADD CONSTRAINT in SQL Example: Alternative formulation for MAX_ENROLMENTS ALTER TABLE IS_ENROLLED_ON ADD CONSTRAINT MAX_ENROLMENTS CHECK ((SELECT COUNT (*)
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
Set Operators The Set operators combine the results of the two queries into one result. The INTERSECT returns all the distinct rows selected by both queries. The MINUS returns
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
RETURN Statement The RETURN statement instantly completes the execution of a subprogram and returns control to the caller. The Execution then resumes with the statement below t
Datatypes Every constant and variable has a datatype that specifies the storage format, constraints, and the valid range of values. The PL/SQL gives a variety of predefined dat
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Order of Evaluation When you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below: NOT
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