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Variable Declaration - SQL
SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite different from that used to declare local variables. Example is SQL's counterpart of that example in the theory book but, as you know, CREATE TABLE is used for base tables.
Example: A Variable Declaration
DECLARE SN SID DEFAULT SID ('S1');
DECLARE in place of VAR and DEFAULT in place of INIT. The effect is exactly the same apart from the fact that, as already noted, SQL's type SID (here assumed to be a distinct type). The key word DEFAULT is perhaps a strange choice as that word normally suggests action to be taken by the system when no specific action is explicitly demanded by the user. Here it is used to state explicitly an immediate assignment to the variable being declared.
Existential Quantification - SQL Existential quantification-stating that something is true of at least one object under consideration-can be expressed by OR(r,c), meaning tha
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Cursors The Oracle uses work areas to execute the SQL statements and to store process information. A PL/SQL construct known as the cursor. Let's you assume name a work area and
Logical Connectives - SQL SQL's extended truth tables in which the symbol, for unknown, appears along with the usual T and F. Negation (NOT, ¬) Conjunction (
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
Object Type: The object type is a user-defined composite datatype which encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data
THEO R Y OF CATASTROPHISM OR CATALYSM (CUVIER 1769-1832) - The world has passed thorugh several stages and at the end of each stage there was a catastrophe killing all the
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Using research notes and Oracle documentation plan and execute an upgrade of an installation of Oracle 10g to Oracle 11g release 1. To do this you must show in screen shots and wri
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