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Using the Collection Methods
The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
EXISTS
COUNT
LIMIT
FIRST and LAST
PRIOR and NEXT
EXTEND
TRIM
DELETE
A collection method is a built-in function or the process that operates on collections and is called using the dot notation. The syntax is as shown below:
collection_name.method_name[(parameters)]
The Collection methods can be called from the procedural statements but not from the SQL statements. The COUNT, EXISTS, LIMIT, FIRST, PRIOR, LAST, & NEXT are the functions, that appear as a part of an expression. And EXTEND, DELETE, and TRIM are the procedures that appear as a statement. Also, the EXISTS, TRIM, PRIOR, NEXT, EXTEND, and DELETE take parameters. Each parameter should be an integer expression. Only the EXISTS can be applied to automatically null collections. Whenever you apply another method to such type of collections, then the PL/SQL raises COLLECTION_IS_NULL.
Using EXISTS The EXISTS(n) returns TRUE if the nth element in a collection exist. Or else, EXISTS(n) returns FALSE. Primarily, you use EXISTS with DELETE to maintain the spars
Updating a Variable Assignment of an attribute value in a variable of a structured type Synatx: SET SN.C = 'S2'; As in Example the entire statement is equivalent to a
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
LOOP Statements The LOOP statements execute a series of statements at multiple times. The loops enclose the series of statements that is to be repeated. The PL/SQL provides typ
Effects of NULL The numeric variable X, perhaps of type INTEGER, might be assigned NULL. In that case the result of evaluating X + 1 is NULL, and so SET Y = X + 1 assigns NULL
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
Deriving Predicates from Predicates in SQL The corresponding section in the theory book describes how predicates can be derived from predicates using (a) the logical connectiv
Packages The package is a schema object which groups logically associated to the PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages have 2 sections: the specification & the bod
SQL Functions The PL/SQL uses all the SQL functions involving the following aggregate functions that summarize the whole columns of the Oracle data: GROUPING, AVG, COUNT, STDDE
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