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Using the Collection Methods
The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
EXISTS
COUNT
LIMIT
FIRST and LAST
PRIOR and NEXT
EXTEND
TRIM
DELETE
A collection method is a built-in function or the process that operates on collections and is called using the dot notation. The syntax is as shown below:
collection_name.method_name[(parameters)]
The Collection methods can be called from the procedural statements but not from the SQL statements. The COUNT, EXISTS, LIMIT, FIRST, PRIOR, LAST, & NEXT are the functions, that appear as a part of an expression. And EXTEND, DELETE, and TRIM are the procedures that appear as a statement. Also, the EXISTS, TRIM, PRIOR, NEXT, EXTEND, and DELETE take parameters. Each parameter should be an integer expression. Only the EXISTS can be applied to automatically null collections. Whenever you apply another method to such type of collections, then the PL/SQL raises COLLECTION_IS_NULL.
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels the PL/SQL block. When used, label_name should be enclosed by the do
DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Parameter and Keyword Description: select_item: This select_item is a value returned by the SELECT statement, and then assigned to the equivalent variable or field in the
Keyword & Parameter Description: PRAGMA: These keywords signify that the statement is a pragma (i.e. compiler directive). The Pragmas are processed at the compile time, n
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Example of WHEN or THEN Constraints A concrete example showing how SQL supports WHEN/THEN constraints CREATE TABLE SAL_HISTORY (EmpNo CHAR (6), Salary INTEGER NOT NULL,
Rephrase Conditional Control Statements When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as s
Equivalences & Rewrite Rules: If notice that as well as allowing us to prove trivial theorems, and tautologies enable us to establish that certain sentences are saying the sam
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