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Using %ROWTYPEThe %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetched from a cursor or strongly typed cursor variable. In the illustration below, you declare two records. The first record stores a row selected from an emp table. The second record stores a row that is fetched from the cursor c1.DECLAREemp_rec emp%ROWTYPE;CURSOR c1 IS SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept;dept_rec c1%ROWTYPE;The Columns in a row and corresponding fields in a record have the same names anddatatypes. Though, fields in a %ROWTYPE record do not inherit the NOT NULL column constraint.In the example below, you select column values into record emp_rec:BEGINSELECT * INTO emp_rec FROM emp WHERE...
%ROWCOUNT When its cursor or cursor variable is opened, the %ROWCOUNT is zeroed. Before the first fetch, the %ROWCOUNT yields 0. Afterward, it yields the number of rows fetche
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
SELECT INTO Statement The SELECT INTO statement retrieve data from one or more database tables, and then assigns the selected values to the variables or fields. Syntax:
Example of Check Constraints Example: Workaround for when subqueries not permitted in CHECK constraints CREATE FUNCTION NO_MORE_THAN_20000_ENROLMENTS ( ) RETURNS BOOLEAN
Declaring a Cursor The Forward references are not allowed in the PL/SQL. Therefore, you must declare a cursor before referencing it in other statements. Whenever you declare a
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Using a join on 2 tables, select all columns and 10 rows from the 2 tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 E JOIN STAFF S ON E.EMP_
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is ent
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