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Using NOT NULLBesides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows:acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999;You cannot assign nulls to the variable define as NOT NULL. If you attempt the PL/SQL raises predefined exception VALUE_ERROR. The NOT NULL constraint should be followed by the initialization clause. For e.g. the declaration below is illegal:acct_id INTEGER(5) NOT NULL; -- illegal; not initializedRemember that the subtypes NATURALN and POSITIVEN are predefined as NOT NULL. For illustration, the declarations below are equivalent:emp_count NATURAL NOT NULL := 0;emp_count NATURALN := 0;In the NATURALN and POSITIVEN declarations, the type specifier should be followed by an initialization clause. Or else, you get a compilation error. For e.g. the declaration below is illegal:line_items POSITIVEN; -- illegal; not initialized
Adding Table Constraints ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT NameNotNull CHECK (Name IS NOT NULL) ; ALTER TABLE ENROLMENT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_StudentId_CourseId PRIM
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Using Host Arrays The Client-side programs can use anonymous PL/SQL blocks to bulk-bind input and output host arrays. However, this is the well-organized way to pass the colle
Mutual Recursion The Subprograms are mutually recursive if they directly or indirectly call each other. In the illustration below, the Boolean functions odd & even, that dete
Packages The package is a schema object which groups logically associated to the PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages have 2 sections: the specification & the bod
Updating a Variable Assignment of an attribute value in a variable of a structured type Synatx: SET SN.C = 'S2'; As in Example the entire statement is equivalent to a
I need SQL Data Base Project Description: Network SQL database and SQL Setup two 4 workstation Skills required are Data Entry, MySQL, SQL
Projection in SQL - correct version Student StudentId is enrolled on some course. SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON In more complicated examples it is someti
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