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Using DEFAULTYou can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declarationblood_type CHAR := ’O’;it can be rewrite as follows:blood_type CHAR DEFAULT ’O’;Use DEFAULT for the variables that have a typical value. Use the assignment operator for the variables (like counters & accumulators) which have no typical value. Some of the examples are shown below:hours_worked INTEGER DEFAULT 40;employee_count INTEGER := 0;You can also use DEFAULT to initialize the cursor parameters, subprogram parameters, and fields in a user-defined record.
Example of Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example: How many students sat each exam WITH C_ER AS (SELECT CourseId, CAST (TABLE (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId, Mark FROM EXAM
Parameter & Keyword Description: function_name: The user-defined function is identifying by that keyword. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter that
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
Define basic operators of relational algebra with an example each
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
%TYPE Attribute The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a record, field, nested table, database column, or the variable. You can use the %TYPE attribute as the datatype speci
heap sort program in pl/sql
Negation (NOT, ¬) - SQL There are three rows instead of just two. As you can see, ¬ p is defined as in two-valued logic (2VL) when p is either true or false, but ¬ (unknown) i
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
Question: (a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system: (i) Authorisation (ii) Access
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