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Using AliasesThe Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example below, you use an alias known as the wages:-- available online in file ’examp4’DECLARECURSOR my_cursor ISSELECT sal + NVL(comm, 0) wages, ename FROM emp;my_rec my_cursor%ROWTYPE;BEGINOPEN my_cursor;LOOPFETCH my_cursor INTO my_rec;EXIT WHEN my_cursor%NOTFOUND;IF my_rec.wages > 2000 THENINSERT INTO temp VALUES (NULL, my_rec.wages, my_rec.ename);END IF;END LOOP;CLOSE my_cursor;END;
Running the PL/SQL Wrapper To run the PL/SQL Wrapper, go through the wrap command at your operating system prompt by using the syntax as shown: wrap iname=input_file [oname=
BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN Operator in SQL Example: Restricting exam marks to between 0 and 100 CREATE ASSERTION Marks_between_0_and_100 CHECK (NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM
Scope and Visibility The References to an identifier are resolved according to its visibility and scope. The scope of an identifier is that area of a program unit (subprogram, b
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
Data Abstraction The Data abstraction extracts the important properties of data while ignoring the not necessary details. Once you design a data structure, you can fail to reme
Semidifference and NOT - SQL In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
How Exceptions Propagate ? Whenever an exception is raised, and if the PL/SQL cannot find a handler for it in the present subprogram or block, the exception propagates. That is
Data Types in SQL - Character CHARACTER or, synonymously, CHAR, for character strings. When this type is to be the declared type of something (e.g., a column), the permissible
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