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Using AliasesThe Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example below, you use an alias known as the wages:-- available online in file ’examp4’DECLARECURSOR my_cursor ISSELECT sal + NVL(comm, 0) wages, ename FROM emp;my_rec my_cursor%ROWTYPE;BEGINOPEN my_cursor;LOOPFETCH my_cursor INTO my_rec;EXIT WHEN my_cursor%NOTFOUND;IF my_rec.wages > 2000 THENINSERT INTO temp VALUES (NULL, my_rec.wages, my_rec.ename);END IF;END LOOP;CLOSE my_cursor;END;
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
Order of Evaluation When you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below: NOT
Rollback Behavior When a FORALL statement fails, the database changes are rolled back to an implicit savepoint marked before each of the SQL statement execution. The Changes t
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
Example of ADD CONSTRAINT in SQL Example: Alternative formulation for MAX_ENROLMENTS ALTER TABLE IS_ENROLLED_ON ADD CONSTRAINT MAX_ENROLMENTS CHECK ((SELECT COUNT (*)
Updating by replacement Syntax: UPDATE ENROLMENT SET Name = 'Ann' WHERE StudentId = SID ('S1'); Note the use of SET, as already noted in connection with direct a
Procedural Constraint Enforcement (Triggers) SQL has an alternative method of addressing database integrity, involving event-driven procedural code. The special procedures th
Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
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