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Usefulness of Data Type
In SQL, as in most computer languages, a type can be used for constraining the values that are permitted to be used for some purpose. In particular, it can be used for constraining:
In each of the above cases, the type used for the purpose in question is the declared type of the variable, parameter, operator, or column, respectively. As a consequence, every expression denoting a value has a declared type too, whether that expression be a literal, a reference to a variable, parameter, or column, or an invocation of an operator. Thus SQL is able to detect errors at "compile time"- by mere inspection of a given script - that would otherwise arise, and cause much more inconvenience, at run time (when the script is executed).
Assignment of Variable - Updating a Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID ('S2'); This can obviously be read as "set the variable SN to be equal in value to SID ( 'S2' )".
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
Cursor Attributes The Cursors and cursor variables have 4 attributes which give you helpful information about the execution of a data manipulation statement. Syntax:
Using Cursor Attributes To process the SQL data manipulation statements, the SQL engine must opens an implicit cursor named SQL. This cursor's attributes (%FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %
Deleting Objects You can use the DELETE statement to eradicate objects from an object table. To eradicate objects selectively, you use the WHERE clause, as shown below: BEG
Declaring and Initializing Objects: An object type is once defined and installed in the schema; you can use it to declare the objects in any PL/SQL, subprogram, block or packa
Keyword & Parameter Description: WHEN: This keyword introduces the exception handler. You can have many exceptions execute the similar sequence of the statements by follo
Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost
Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The
Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that a collection presently contains. For instance, when a varray projects contains 15 elements, then the following IF con
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