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Use the RETURNING Clause
Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent action. The INSERT, UPDATE, & DELETE statements can involve a RETURNING clause that returns column values from the affected row into the PL/SQL variables or host variables. This removes the requirement to SELECT the row after an insert or update, or before a delete. As a result, less network round trips, less server CPU time, smaller number of cursors, and less server memory are needed.
In the illustration below, you update the salary of an employee and at similar time retrieve the employee's name and new salary into the PL/SQL variables.
PROCEDURE update_salary (emp_id NUMBER) IS
name VARCHAR2(15);
new_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = emp_id
RETURNING ename, sal INTO name, new_sal;
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Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Based on the EMPLOYEE table created in Assignment #1, write a PL/SQL anonymous block that accepts an employee ID from the user input and finds whether the employee ID is in the EMP
Aggregate Operators SQL Supports all of the aggregate operators mentioned in the theory book and many more besides. The syntax, however, involves an unusual trick that SQL cal
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Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
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Question: (a) The objective of query optimization is to choose the most efficient strategy for implementing a given relational query, thereby improving the system performance. On
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