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Use of Table Comparisons - SQL
Table comparisons where it is noted that although table expressions cannot be compared, we have TABLE (t) to convert a table expression t into a value expression of type ROW ( r ) MULTISET, where r is the row type of t. However, the only operator in SQL for comparing two multisets is "=", so SQL has no direct counterparts of examples, which use "⊆", and nor does this chapter.
Those examples are shown merely to demonstrate that every constraint that can be expressed as an invocation of IS_EMPTY can be formulated alternatively as an invocation of "⊆". If SQL were to have a counterpart of that operator, it would presumably have to be an "is submultiset of " operator, where m1 is a submultiset of m2 if and only if each element of m1 appears at least as many times in m2 as it does in m1. But SQL doesn't have such an operator.
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JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
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Declaring Subprograms You can declare subprograms in any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. But, you should declare subprograms at the end of the declarative part after a
I would like to have a custom MS Access database designed and coded that would help me schedule my customer's orders and that would help me track my employees production output and
Declaring Exceptions The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an excep
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
Example of Table Literal - SQL Example: A Table Literal (correct version) VALUES ('S1', 'C1', 'Anne'), ('S1', 'C2', 'Anne'), ('S2', 'C1', 'Boris'), ('S3', 'C3'
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