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Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations
There are three basic operations to be executes on relations:
The INSERT Operation:
The insert operation permits us to insert a new tuple in a relation. When we try to insert a new record, then any of the following four types of constraints can be violated:
• Entity Integrity constraint: If the primary key attribute value of new tuple t is given as null.
Horizontal Fragmentation- Horizontal fragmentation groups together the tuples in a relation that are collectively used by the main transactions. A horizontal fragment is produced b
How can you map NULL values to other values while display? IF( ) , IFNULL( ) keywords are used to do so. They are 'LIMIT' is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Ans
Increased parallelism : Since the replicated date has several copies a query can be distributed or can be answered from the smallest loaded site. Also, with more replicas you have
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
Why is need for the multiple access paths?
What is inheritance? Inheritance is an object orientation concept that allows reusability of code / design. Basic sense of inheritance is that if one class is predefined than a
composite attribute
What does authentication refer? Authentication refers to the task of verifying the uniqueness of a person.
Write a program within embedded SQL to associative the total trip expenses of the salesman named ‘John' for the relations. EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION; long total_expenses;
Explain heap file with advantages? Heap File is an unordered set or a group of records, stored on a set of pages. This class gives basic support for inserting, updating, select
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