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Update Anomaly: This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014 would need that all tuples having MCS-014 enrolment information be updated. If for some reason, all tuples are not updated, we may have a database that gives 2 names of instructor for the subject MCS-014 which is inconsistent information. This problem is known as update anomaly. An update anomaly results in data inconsistency.
If R1 and R2 are two relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 × R2 is the combination of tuples that are in R1 and R2. The product is associative and commutative. Degr
What does the cardinality ratio specify? Mapping cardinalities or cardinality ratios state the number of entities to which another entity can be associated. Mapping cardinaliti
What is meant by heuristic optimisation?Discuss the major heuristics that are applied during query optimisation.
What is a Linked Server? Linked Servers is a method in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements. With
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Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
What is the used of specifying alias? Specifying alias: is used to rename column or attribute in a table.
What are the causes of bucket overflow in a hash file organization? What can be done to reduce the occurrence of bucket overflow? When a record is inserted, the bucket to that
The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables. True the data of a view is not physically stored
Write a short note on QBE? Stands for "Query By Example." QBE is a feature involved along with various database applications which gives user-friendly techniques of running da
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