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Unrepeatable reads: Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. But this could occur if, among the two read operations, another transaction modifies X.
T7
T8
Assumed value of
X=2000
READ X
2000
UPDATE X
3000
Therefore, the inconsistent values are read and results of the transaction may be in fault.
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
Failure Controlling Methods: Failures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit. But the first question is doing we really require recov
Discuss how the one-to-one associations have to be implemented. Some of properties of associations can be implemented directly by providing suitable declarations of the data me
What is SQL Server Agent? SQL Server agent plays a significant role in the day-to-day tasks of a database administrator (DBA). It is often overlooked as one of the major tools
A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type. Example: For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty,
give me a diagram about physical or internal level
What are the uses of functional dependencies? To test relations to see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. To state constraints on the set
Describe the capabilities offered via MySQL client APIs? . • Checking for errors. . • Connecting to the MySQL server, selecting a database, disconnecting from the server
Process of Adjustment of inheritance During object design, inheritance is readjusted by rearranging classes and operations, and abstracting common behaviour.
The Proliferation of Object-Oriented Methods The first few years of the 1990s saw blossoming of around fifty various object oriented methods. This proliferation is a sign of g
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