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Unrepeatable reads: Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. But this could occur if, among the two read operations, another transaction modifies X.
T7
T8
Assumed value of
X=2000
READ X
2000
UPDATE X
3000
Therefore, the inconsistent values are read and results of the transaction may be in fault.
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
A well-maintained relational DBMS has a high level of data integrity. What features of a relational DBMS contribute towards this level of integrity? Relational DBMS gives high
Security: Data not needed by local applications is not stored at the site, therefore no unnecessary security violations may exist. But how can we carry out fragmentation? Fragm
give some example real life situation where DBMS are most suitable
let us consider a table having 2200 records and the fixed size of the table to be considered as 25.then how many numbers of table is requredto perform horizontal fragmentation
What is difference between primary index and secondary index? Primary Index a) It is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields. b) Only base
Explain the difference between the three storage types - volatile, non volatile and stable. Ans: Volatile storage: if storage media loses data while power goes off,
NEED ER DIAGRAM WITH MINIMUM ENTITY AND RELATIONSHIP of Hospital Management System
Design a gennalization and specialization hierarchy for an automobile sales company
Column Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, DEFAULT, REFERENCES, On delete Cascade : Using this key whenever a parent row is removed in a referenced
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