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Unrepeatable reads: Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. But this could occur if, among the two read operations, another transaction modifies X.
T7
T8
Assumed value of
X=2000
READ X
2000
UPDATE X
3000
Therefore, the inconsistent values are read and results of the transaction may be in fault.
Explain about primary key Primary Key: It is one of the candidate keys that are taken to be the recognizing key for the entire table. E.g. although there are two candidate ke
Differentiate between horizontal & mixed horizontal fragmentation?
Problem: A DBMS built for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) is usually regarded as unsuitable for data warehousing. Each system is designed with a different set of requireme
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
What is self-transition? If there is a transition which goes back to same state, it is known as "self- transition." With a trigger action exit action would be executed f
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
What are the benefits of decomposing a system? The benefits of decomposing a system into subsystems are that after decomposition, each individual component become smaller and e
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
explain exhausitively the problems associated with er diagrams with ellustrations
A Structure of a dependency diagram
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