Units of hardness and their relationship, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

Q. Write short note on units of hardness and their relationship.

Sol. Units of hardness and their relationship.

(1)         Parts Per million (ppm): It is defined as the number of parts by weight of CaCO3 equivalent present in per million (106) parts by weight of water.

1 ppm = 1 part of CaCO3 equivalent hardness in (106) parts of water.

(2)         Milligrams per litre (mg/l): It is defined as the number of milligrams of CaCO3 equivalent hardness present in one litre of water.

1 mg/L = 1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent hardness present per litre of water.

It can be easily proved that 1mg/L = 1 ppm, for water

Weight of 1 litre of water = 1kg = 103g = 106mg

= 1000*1000g= 106mg

1mg/L = 1mg of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per 106 parts of water.

         1mg/L = 1 part of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per 106 parts of water.

1mg/L = 1ppm

(3)         Degree Clark (0Cl): It is defined as the parts of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per 70,000 parts of water or it is number of grains (1/7000lb) of CaCo3 equivalent hardness per gallon (10lb or 70,000 grains) of water. 10 Clark= 1 part of CaCo3 per 70,000 part of water.

(4)         Degree of French (0Fr): It is defined as the parts of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per Lac (100000) parts of water.

10Fr = 1 part of CaCO3 equivalent hardness per (105) parts of water.

(5)         Milli equivalent per litre (meq/L): It is defined as the number of milli equivalents of hardness present per litre.

1 meq/L = 1 meq of CaCO3 per L of water

                 = 10-3 * 50g of CaCO3 eq. per litre of water

                   =   10-3 * 1000 * 50 mg of CaCO3 eq. per litre of water

                 = 50mg of CaCO3 eq. per litre of water

                 = 50mg/L of CaCO3 eq. per litre of water = 50 ppm

                 = 50mg of CaCO3 eq. per 106 litre of water

                 = 1 mg of CaCO3 eq. per 106 /5 mg litre of water

                  = 1 part of CaCO3 equivalent per 20,000 parts of water.

Relationship between different units of hardness:

1 ppm = 1 part per 1000000 parts of water

1 0Fr = 1 part per 100000 parts of water

1 0Cl = 1 part per 70000 parts of water

1 mg/L = 1 part per 1000000 parts of water

1 meq/L = 1 part per 20000 parts of water

Hence: 1000000 ppm = 1000000Fr = 700000Cl = 1000000 mg/L = 20000meq/L

= 100 ppm = 100Fr = 70Cl = 100mg/L = 2 meq/L

    1 mg/L     = 1 ppm = 0.10Fr = 0.070Cl = 0.02 meq/L

10Cl = 14.3 ppm = 1.433 0Fr = 14.3 mg/L = 0.286 meq/L

10Fr = 10 ppm = 10 mg/L = 0.7 0Cl = 0.2 meq/L

1 meq/L = 50 mg/L = 50 ppm = 5 0Fr = 0.35 0Cl


Related Discussions:- Units of hardness and their relationship

Atoms and molecules, can i have some problems regarding law of conservation...

can i have some problems regarding law of conservation of mass

Bronsted-lowry theory, Fundamentals of Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry ...

Fundamentals of Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry theory: A Bronsted acid is a (proton) + donor, whilst a Brønsted base is a proton acceptor. An acid-base reaction involves t

What do you eman by scientific research, Q. What do you eman by Scientific ...

Q. What do you eman by Scientific Research? Pure research is prepared to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself. Molina as well as Rowland's research on the behavior

Chemical properties of group16, Q. Chemical Properties of group16? Oxyg...

Q. Chemical Properties of group16? Oxygen is slightly less reactive than the halogens but reacts directly with nearly all the elements except the noble gases, the halogens and

Conformation, Which one is most stable form of 1,3 Di tertiary butyl cycloh...

Which one is most stable form of 1,3 Di tertiary butyl cyclohexane?

Sdpf, how is it solved?????????

how is it solved?????????

Castenar kelner process, in castner kelnar process sodium metal extract at ...

in castner kelnar process sodium metal extract at cathode and calcium also why they do not mix if they extract at same chamber?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd