Uniform alternate electric field, Mechanical Engineering

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Uniform Alternate Electric Field

Suppose a particle moves under a uniform (i.e. independent of space co-ordinates) but alternating electric field E given by,


E = E0 sin ω t = ( E0 i) sin ω t                                     (i)

where, E0 is amplitude and ω is angular frequency of oscillation. We define the direction of electric field as X-axis.

The equation of motion of the particle of mass m and charge q in this field is,

1832_download (1).png 

Integrating, we find

 476_download.png 

where constant of integration c1 is set by initial condition: at t = 0, when E = 0, let v = v0. Hence, we get

915_download (2).png 

Integrating once again, we find

 129_download (3).png 

where constant of integration r0 is the initial position of the particle; at t = 0r = r0.

We can always put r0 = 0; let us also take v0 = 0. Further, if E0 = E0 i, we have

1481_download (4).png 

The particle moves along X-axis with time dependent speed vx (t). The average speed of the particle during a cycle is,

912_download (5).png 

vx is called the drift velocity of the particle. The displacement of the particle during one complete cycle, i.e. in time T,

803_download (6).png 

The graph between x and t is obtained by superposing the sine curve and the straight line,

x = x1 + x2

2155_download (7).png 

If v0 ≠ 0, the particle may continue to move along y and z directions with constant initial velocities voy and voz. Simultaneously, it is drifted towards X-axis by a fixed distance per cycle, viz.

611_download (8).png


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