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Understanding Nested TablesWithin the database, the nested tables can be considered as one-column database tables. The Oracle stores the rows of a nested table in no specific order. But, when you retrieve the nested table into the PL/SQL variable, the rows are given consecutive subscripts starting at 1. That provides you array-like access to the individual rows.Within PL/SQL, the nested tables are like one-dimensional arrays. Though, nested tables differ from arrays in two significant ways. Firstly, the arrays have a fixed upper bound, but nested tables are unbounded .Therefore, the size of a nested table can increase dynamically.
Figure: Array versus Nested TableSecondly, the arrays should be dense (having consecutive subscripts). Therefore, you cannot delete individual elements from an array. Initially, the nested tables are dense, but they can be sparse (having nonconsecutive subscripts). And hence, you can delete elements from a nested table using the built-in procedure DELETE. That might leave gaps in the index, but the built-in function NEXT iterate over any series of subscripts.
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
UPDATE Statement The UPDATE statement transforms the values of the specified columns in one or more rows in the table or view. Syntax:
Package STANDARD The package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available
Remote Operations: As the illustration shows below, the PL/SQL subprograms can execute the dynamic SQL statements which refer to the objects on a remote database: PROCEDURE
Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
Declaring Exceptions The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an excep
Restriction in SQL Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Boris' The WHERE clause operates on the result of the FROM clause in analogo
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
Difference between 9i & 10G When Oracle releases any new databases then it are having some discrepancy with them. But 10G is having much difference than oracle 9i has. Oracle
Datatype Conversion At times it is necessary to convert a value from one datatype to another. For e.g. if you want to inspect a rowid, you should convert it to a character stri
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