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Understanding Nested TablesWithin the database, the nested tables can be considered as one-column database tables. The Oracle stores the rows of a nested table in no specific order. But, when you retrieve the nested table into the PL/SQL variable, the rows are given consecutive subscripts starting at 1. That provides you array-like access to the individual rows.Within PL/SQL, the nested tables are like one-dimensional arrays. Though, nested tables differ from arrays in two significant ways. Firstly, the arrays have a fixed upper bound, but nested tables are unbounded .Therefore, the size of a nested table can increase dynamically.
Figure: Array versus Nested TableSecondly, the arrays should be dense (having consecutive subscripts). Therefore, you cannot delete individual elements from an array. Initially, the nested tables are dense, but they can be sparse (having nonconsecutive subscripts). And hence, you can delete elements from a nested table using the built-in procedure DELETE. That might leave gaps in the index, but the built-in function NEXT iterate over any series of subscripts.
What Are Subprograms? The Subprograms are named PL/SQL blocks which can take parameters and be invoked. The PL/SQL has 2 types of subprograms known as the procedure s and func
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a procedure to perform an action. The procedure has 2 sections: the spe
What Are Cursor Variables ? The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, decl
Using EXCEPTION_INIT To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be th
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Structure of an Object Type: Similar to package, an object type has 2 parts: the specification and the body. The specification is the interface to your applications; it declar
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Semijoin and Composition - SQL For semijoin, the dyadic relational operator MATCHING, defined thus: r1 MATCHING r2, where r1 and r2 are relations such that r1 JOIN r2 is de
Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.
Recursive Subprograms The recursive subprogram is the one that calls itself. Think of a recursive call as a call to a few other subprograms that does the similar task as your
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