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Types of Locks
There are two necessary types of locks:
Let us first take an instance for binary locking and describes how it solves the concurrency related troubles. Let us reconsider the transactions T1 and T2 for this purpose; though we will add to needed binary locks to them.
Schedule
T1
T2
Lock X
Read X
Subtract 100
Write X
Unlock X
Lock Y
Read Y
Display X+Y
Unlock Y
Add 100
Write Y
Figure: An incorrect locking implementation
Does the locking as completed above solve the problem of concurrent transactions? No the similar problems still remains. Try working with the old value. Therefore, locking should be completed with some logic in order to make sure that locking results in no concurrency related problem. One such answer is given below:
Lock X (issued by
T2)
Lock X: denied as T1 holds the lock.
The transaction T2 Waits and T1 continues.
The lock request of T2 on X can now
be granted it can resumes by locking X
Figure: A correct but restrictive locking implementation
Therefore, the locking as above when you get all the locks at the starting of the transaction and release them at the end ensures that transactions are implemented with no concurrency related problems. Though, such a scheme limits the concurrency. We will talk about a two-phase locking method in the next subsection that gives sufficient concurrency. Though, let us first discuss multiple mode locks.
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