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Consider a relation s over the attributes A and B with the following characteristics:
(a) Assuming that the aforesaid index on A is unclustered, estimate the number of disk accesses needed to compute the range query σA>1000 ^ A<6000 (s).
(b) What would be the cost if the above index were clustered? Explain your reasoning.
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
Redo Logs: Any database must have minimum two redo logs. These are the rules for the database; the redo logs record all modifies to the system objects or user objects. If any type
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
explain the steps for reduction of er model into relational model?
What is candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
Let us first look into some of the important features of ER model. Entity relationship model is a high-level conceptual data model. It permits us to define the data invo
Identification of concurrency Identification of concurrency: Dynamic model identifies concurrency. Two objects are said to be parallel (concurrent) if they can receive events a
Describe analysis of access paths To describe analysis of access paths, consider an example of the design of a company's employee skills database. A part of the object model fr
Question : (a) Database Management Systems (DBMS) is the foundation of business intelligence. Explain the following concepts related to DBMS: (i) Entity Relationship Diagr
What is DML Query Langauge? Data Manipulation Language (DML) - A data manipulation language is a language in which enables users to access or manipulate data as organized throu
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