Translation, Rotation and Scaling -  output primitives

1. Two basic approaches used in character generation are - Bitmap method and outline method. 

2. All 2D geometric transformations can be obtained by using appropriate combinations of three primitive transformations (i) translation (ii) rotation (iii) scaling.  Shear and reflection are two important transformations which can also be derived from primitive transformations.  But looking into their vast applications, they are discussed separately and are treated as primitive transformations in many graphics packages.