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PCA is a linear transformation that transforms the data to a new coordinate system such that the greatest variance by any projection of the data comes to lie on the first coordinate (called the first principal component), the second greatest variance on the second coordinate, and so on. The PCA can be used for dimensionality reduction in a dataset while retaining those characteristics of the dataset that contribute most to its variance, by keeping lower-order principal components and ignoring higher-order ones. Such low-order components often contain the "most important" aspects of the data. But this is not necessarily the case, depending on the application. Let p and tn denote respectively the original and reduced number of variables. The original variables are denoted X. In the simplest case our measure of accuracy of reconstruction is the sum ofp squared multiple correlations between X-variables and the predictions of X made froin the factors. In the more general case we can weight each squared multiple correlation by the variance of the corresponding X-variable.
Since we can set those variances ourselves by multiplying scores on each variable,by any constant we choose, this amounts to the ability to assign any weights we choose to the different variables.
Pattie-Lynn's utility function for total assets is, in which A represents total assets in thousands of dollars. (a) Graph Pattie-Lynn's utility function. How would y
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1 Se toma una muestra de 81 observaciones con una desviación estándar de 5. La media de la muestra es de 40. Determine el intervalo de de confianza de 99% para la media
Show how the Normal bin width rule can be modied if f is skewed or kurtotic. Examine the effect of bimodality. Compare your rules to Doane's (1976) extensions of Sturges' rule.
Use the given information to find the P-value. The test statistic in a two-tailed test is z = 1.49 P-value = (round to four decimal places as needed)
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PROPERTIES 1. The value of standard deviation remains the same if, in a series each of the observation is increased or decreased by a constant quantity. In statistical lan
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