Trade liberalisation under wto, Macroeconomics

Assignment Help:

TRADE LIBERALISATION UNDER WTO:

In  the Uruguay Round negotiations, India agreed to reduce tariff on a  large number of  commodities and  remove quantitative restrictions (QRs) on  all, except for about 600 commodities. For industrial products,  India's commitment was to bring down the average tariff rate from 71 per cent in the pre-Uruguay Round period to 32 per cent in the post-Uruguay Round era. While the 1991 reforms removed QRs on most manufactured intermediate and capital goods, there was little change in the import policy for textiles and clothing. The imports of  these products remained practically  banned. Thesituation began  to change substantially  in December  1994 when  in separatetreaties with the EU and  the USA, India agreed to a comprehensive  liberalisationof  import policies for textiles. This liberalisation in  imports of textiles wasagreed  to  in part  as quid pro quo  for the ATC  (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) to phase out the MFA quotas, and in part in exchange  for increasedMFA quotas in the US and EU markets. The reform process started in  1995with the removal of QRs on imports of wool tops, synthetic fibers, textile yarnand  some selected industrial fabrics. It was also agreed that these productswould be free from import licensing altogether at specified future  dates (1 998,2000 or 2002), and tariff rates would be reduced to levels between 20 and 40percent by 2000.  

Turning now to other international agreements, India had used the balance of payments provision given in GATT (Article VIII (B))  to  justify her routine use of QRs. Soon after the Uruguay Round agreements became effective India's unconstrained use of the balance of payments provision was challenged  by the US, EU and other developed countries. It became difficult for India  to justify QRs on grounds of balance of payments since there was  a  strong current account, substantial capital  inflow and  large foreign  exchange reserves. -In 1999-00,2134 items  were  subject to QRs, of which 1589 items had QRs on imports, being maintained under  the balance of payments provision. 


Related Discussions:- Trade liberalisation under wto

Deficient demand, ASuppose an economy has overbuilt and suffers from excess...

ASuppose an economy has overbuilt and suffers from excess capacity A recession ensues due to firms cutting back on expenditures. Is deficient demand more easily remedied by monetar

Walmart''s strategy of an elements, Elements of Walmart's strategy have evo...

Elements of Walmart's strategy have evolved in meaningful ways since the company's founding in 1962. Prepare a one page report that discusses how its strategy has evolved after rev

What is globalization, what are its effects on the Indian economy? Ans) ...

what are its effects on the Indian economy? Ans) It is largely positive. Globalization has brought a lot of jobs and large sums of investment to India. India's economy has been

Functions of a commercial bank, Functions of a Commercial Bank 1. Cre...

Functions of a Commercial Bank 1. Credit Creation Creation of credit is a major function of a commercial bank. When a bank creates credit or advances loans, there tends

Show the analysis of cross model, Q. Show the analysis of cross model? ...

Q. Show the analysis of cross model? We can divide our analysis of cross model into three sections:  Aggregate demand. Aggregate demand is a major component of cross mo

Macroeconomics policy, explanations to the short-run fluctuation and pilicy...

explanations to the short-run fluctuation and pilicy prescriptions of the schools macroeconomics thought

Fiscal restraint is required, If the AD excess is $300 billion and the MPC ...

If the AD excess is $300 billion and the MPC is 0.8 how much fiscal restraint is required? What does the "debt held by the public" mean?

Explain short and long term interest rate in money demand, Explain about th...

Explain about the short term and long term interest rate in money demand. The Opportunity Cost of Holding Money Demand: a. Short-term interest rates Rates onto assets whi

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd