Trade liberalisation under wto, Macroeconomics

Assignment Help:

TRADE LIBERALISATION UNDER WTO:

In  the Uruguay Round negotiations, India agreed to reduce tariff on a  large number of  commodities and  remove quantitative restrictions (QRs) on  all, except for about 600 commodities. For industrial products,  India's commitment was to bring down the average tariff rate from 71 per cent in the pre-Uruguay Round period to 32 per cent in the post-Uruguay Round era. While the 1991 reforms removed QRs on most manufactured intermediate and capital goods, there was little change in the import policy for textiles and clothing. The imports of  these products remained practically  banned. Thesituation began  to change substantially  in December  1994 when  in separatetreaties with the EU and  the USA, India agreed to a comprehensive  liberalisationof  import policies for textiles. This liberalisation in  imports of textiles wasagreed  to  in part  as quid pro quo  for the ATC  (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) to phase out the MFA quotas, and in part in exchange  for increasedMFA quotas in the US and EU markets. The reform process started in  1995with the removal of QRs on imports of wool tops, synthetic fibers, textile yarnand  some selected industrial fabrics. It was also agreed that these productswould be free from import licensing altogether at specified future  dates (1 998,2000 or 2002), and tariff rates would be reduced to levels between 20 and 40percent by 2000.  

Turning now to other international agreements, India had used the balance of payments provision given in GATT (Article VIII (B))  to  justify her routine use of QRs. Soon after the Uruguay Round agreements became effective India's unconstrained use of the balance of payments provision was challenged  by the US, EU and other developed countries. It became difficult for India  to justify QRs on grounds of balance of payments since there was  a  strong current account, substantial capital  inflow and  large foreign  exchange reserves. -In 1999-00,2134 items  were  subject to QRs, of which 1589 items had QRs on imports, being maintained under  the balance of payments provision. 


Related Discussions:- Trade liberalisation under wto

Describe the short run effect of the supply shock, Question : The long-...

Question : The long-run position of an economy is described by the quantity theory of money: M/P = L (Y, r) Where M: nominal money stock; P: price level; Y: real income a

Monetary, 1. Suppose the banking system has reserve of $750000, demand depo...

1. Suppose the banking system has reserve of $750000, demand deposits of $2500000 and a reserve requirement of 20%. a. if the fed now purchases $125,000 worth of govt bonds from t

Classical model, determination of interest rate in classical model

determination of interest rate in classical model

Help needed, what are the advantages and disadvantages of unemployment

what are the advantages and disadvantages of unemployment

Case fair Oster, iN BOTH CITIES, AN INCREASE IN INCOME COMBINED WITH EXPECT...

iN BOTH CITIES, AN INCREASE IN INCOME COMBINED WITH EXPECTATIONS OF A STRONG MARKET SHIFTED DEMAND AND CAUSED PRICES TO RISE RAPLIDLY DURING THE MID-TO LATE 1980S. Illustrate with

compute the higer level-four-firm concentration ratios, (a) The four-firm ...

(a) The four-firm concentration ratios for the following industries have been found from the Economic Census for Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33) as follows. The four-firm concentration

Determine elasticity of demand , Consider the consumption decisions of R.B....

Consider the consumption decisions of R.B. Turbo, a new student at T University. Ms. Turbo has only available $1,000 in monthly income to spend on food and housing. In te

Macro Economics, At the same meeting of the open market committee where it ...

At the same meeting of the open market committee where it announced Quantitative Easing 3, the Fed chose to also announce that its currently low Fed funds rate of 0 to .25% would b

Average price-earnings ratio, In a survey of 155 publicly-traded companies,...

In a survey of 155 publicly-traded companies, the average price-earnings ratio was 18.3 with a standard deviation of 7.6. When testing the hypothesis (at the 5% level of significan

Provide a convincing response designed, More than ever, groups and teams ar...

More than ever, groups and teams are responsible for executing tasks in the workplace. Take a position on the following statement: All organizations should use the group structure

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd