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To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator)
Example:
SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
Define the Canonical cover Ans: A canonical cover F c for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in F c , and F c logically entails all dependen
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
Explain the functions of data manager? Functions of Data Manager : - Convert operations in user's queries coming directly through query processor or indirectly in an applicatio
Which data type can store unstructured data? Raw data type can store unstructured data.
Define the concept of Object Diagram An object diagram shows a set of the objects and their relationships with each other at a point of time. In a static view, object diagram
Explain cursors in SQL? Cursors in SQL - An object used to store the output of a query for row-through-row processing through the application programs. Cursors are constructs
Explain the EXISTS and UNIQUE functions of SQL. Give an example for each? EXISTS: The EXISTS function takes one parameter that is a SQL statement. If any records exist which
What are the problems if one were not to normalize? When do these problems surface? Ans: Database normalization, sometimes considered to as canonical synthesis, is
Before defines the second type of integrity constraint, viz., Entity Integrity, we should be well-known with the concept of NULL. Mostly, NULL is intended as a basis for dealing
explain participation constraints with examples
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