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What are the different types of strategies? What are the differences among these strategies? How do you determine which type of strategy is most appropriate for your organization?
First, select an independent restaurant located in California (fast food, fast casual restaurant, casual dining restaurant or buffet restaurant) and dine in the restaurant. You wil
On the Direct Marketing Association website, what is interesting, how can companies use the website, what information is surprising and why?
Suppose you are the CEO of a growing fast food company, specializing in hamburgers. You are interested in expanding your business into new domains. What are some strategies that yo
Ask question #Mi.. Explain how the consideration of environmental assesments AND ORGANISATION position provide a modeling framework for strategic planning of operations.
Which of the following best shows forces for change vs. forces for stability? Change forces are: adapting, sustaining, and predicting; whereas stability forces are: bureaucracy, tr
Differentiate between data and information.
Do you think it is better to concentrate on one source of competitive advantage (cost versus differentiation versus speed) or to nurture all three in a firm's operation?
Comment on this " model building is the excess of operation research
Using Pareto analysis, categorize the products into Classes A, B, C, based on usage value. Would this approach be useful for categorizing and controlling stock levels of all the pr
Line Balancing- Line: an assembly line composed of various work stations, at which particular operations are performed.- To work efficiently, with no work pile-ups between stations, the line must be balanced, for example work must get through each workstation in roughly similar amount of time.Goals:1. To meet production goals,2. Maximize output.General Approaches to Line Balancing Technique1. Estimating number of operators for a specific number of stations,2. Work element sharing: grouping “activities” each work elements into “stations” or jobs performed by a single person (occasionally multiple people work in concert at a single station or machine)
Write your Aim – It only applies to assembly lines. It aims at minimizing the idle time along the line by dividing work equally among members. Tasks are grouped in such a way that they have equal time requirement.When is line Balancing is Done· When the line is initially set-up· When the changes are made in process / desired output rateDifficulty associated with LB – Not feasible to combine certain activitiesNecessity of line balancing – In absence of line balancing, it might create morale problem for workers at slower station who work continuously(Draw Precedence Diagram)Cycle Time = Longest time at the any of the work element OR (Operating Time / Desired Output Rate)CT = 1 min(In Question, it may be given as 480 units per 8-hour day, Hence CT = 8*60 min per day / 480 units per day = 1 minute per cycle)Theoretical Minimum number of workstations, Nmin = Sum of time at all WS / CT = (0.1+1.0+0.7+0.5+0.2) / 1.0 = 2.5 = 3 WorkstationsRules in Assigning task1. Choose new WS ifa. All preceding tasks are completedb. Task Time is less than or equal to Time Remaining2. Always first assign the task with greatest task time to a workstation, in case there is a choice between work elements. In case task time is same, choose the element having greatest number of followers.3. For every new WS, always start with cycle timeWS Time Remaining Eligible Assign Task Revised Time remaining WS Idle Time1 1.0 A,C C(0.7) 0.3 (1.0-0.7) 0.3 A A(0.1) 0.2 0.22 1.0 B B(1.0) 0 03 1.0 D D(0.5) 0.5 0.5 E E(0.2) 0.3 0.3Total Idle time = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 minutesBalance Delay in % (% of idle time on assembly line) = Total idle time * 100/ (Actual No of WS * Cycle Time)=0.5*100/(3*1) = 16.7%Line efficiency = 100% - Balance delay% = 83.3%Other considerations in line-balancing1. Technical considerations –a. Skill requirement of different tasks - If the skill requirements of tasks are quite different, it may not be feasible to place the tasks in the same workstationb. Incompatible tasks - If the tasks themselves are incompatible (example – Use of fire and flammable liquids), it may not be feasible even to place them in stations that are near to each other2. Variable tasks by human –a. Reasons for variation are Fatigue, boredom and failure to concentrate on the task at hand.b. Absenteeism can also affect the balanceOther approaches to achieve smooth flow of production1. Make parallel workstations – They increase the workflow and provide flexibility2. Cross-train workers / Dynamic line balancing – It helps workers perform more than 1 task. In case they are idle, they can assist other workers who are temporarily over-burdened3. Mixed model line - Design a line to handle more than 1 product on the same line. The different products are similar in many ways and hence, the process applied on them is also samemessage here..
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