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Fitzgerald Model - Performance Measures The Fitzgerald model is a performance measurement system specifically for service industry. Fitzgerald (1991) describes a feedback/feed
I will have an exam which has 100 Questions. I will have just 24 hours to complete it. My question about that is if you can answer them within this time and handle the answers to m
1) Define and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of functional and matrix structures. 2) Define and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-functional teams.
By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be composed of a. childless married couples and empty nesters b. singles living with non
Q. Explain the concept of the quality of assurance system? Quality assurance is a systematic and planned action to give adequate confidence which a product or item conforms to
Explain product development. Product Development is an activity that involves design or redesign and fabrication of modified or new product and after that testing this to find
Optimal Capacity Determination For a given capacity of a plant the average unit cost of production of a product decreases as the output rate( say in number of units produced p
Global Supply Chain Issues Global supply chains bring problems of their own. As companies begin to apply organisational efficiencies achieved in their home markets to oversea
the e-Activity, identify one firm that you think would make a good strategic partner for the company you researched. Provide specific examples of why you think this firm would be a
The perceptual distortion of projection can be controlled thru a high degree of/ 1.ethical behaviour/2.cognitive consistency/3.emotional discernment/4. self-awareness and empathy/5
Line Balancing- Line: an assembly line composed of various work stations, at which particular operations are performed.- To work efficiently, with no work pile-ups between stations, the line must be balanced, for example work must get through each workstation in roughly similar amount of time.Goals:1. To meet production goals,2. Maximize output.General Approaches to Line Balancing Technique1. Estimating number of operators for a specific number of stations,2. Work element sharing: grouping “activities” each work elements into “stations” or jobs performed by a single person (occasionally multiple people work in concert at a single station or machine)
Write your Aim – It only applies to assembly lines. It aims at minimizing the idle time along the line by dividing work equally among members. Tasks are grouped in such a way that they have equal time requirement.When is line Balancing is Done· When the line is initially set-up· When the changes are made in process / desired output rateDifficulty associated with LB – Not feasible to combine certain activitiesNecessity of line balancing – In absence of line balancing, it might create morale problem for workers at slower station who work continuously(Draw Precedence Diagram)Cycle Time = Longest time at the any of the work element OR (Operating Time / Desired Output Rate)CT = 1 min(In Question, it may be given as 480 units per 8-hour day, Hence CT = 8*60 min per day / 480 units per day = 1 minute per cycle)Theoretical Minimum number of workstations, Nmin = Sum of time at all WS / CT = (0.1+1.0+0.7+0.5+0.2) / 1.0 = 2.5 = 3 WorkstationsRules in Assigning task1. Choose new WS ifa. All preceding tasks are completedb. Task Time is less than or equal to Time Remaining2. Always first assign the task with greatest task time to a workstation, in case there is a choice between work elements. In case task time is same, choose the element having greatest number of followers.3. For every new WS, always start with cycle timeWS Time Remaining Eligible Assign Task Revised Time remaining WS Idle Time1 1.0 A,C C(0.7) 0.3 (1.0-0.7) 0.3 A A(0.1) 0.2 0.22 1.0 B B(1.0) 0 03 1.0 D D(0.5) 0.5 0.5 E E(0.2) 0.3 0.3Total Idle time = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 minutesBalance Delay in % (% of idle time on assembly line) = Total idle time * 100/ (Actual No of WS * Cycle Time)=0.5*100/(3*1) = 16.7%Line efficiency = 100% - Balance delay% = 83.3%Other considerations in line-balancing1. Technical considerations –a. Skill requirement of different tasks - If the skill requirements of tasks are quite different, it may not be feasible to place the tasks in the same workstationb. Incompatible tasks - If the tasks themselves are incompatible (example – Use of fire and flammable liquids), it may not be feasible even to place them in stations that are near to each other2. Variable tasks by human –a. Reasons for variation are Fatigue, boredom and failure to concentrate on the task at hand.b. Absenteeism can also affect the balanceOther approaches to achieve smooth flow of production1. Make parallel workstations – They increase the workflow and provide flexibility2. Cross-train workers / Dynamic line balancing – It helps workers perform more than 1 task. In case they are idle, they can assist other workers who are temporarily over-burdened3. Mixed model line - Design a line to handle more than 1 product on the same line. The different products are similar in many ways and hence, the process applied on them is also samemessage here..
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