Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
GROUP 14: TIN AND LEAD
Tin and lead give some resemblance to the lighter elements in group 14, especially Ge. Although they are uniquely more metallic in their physical and chemical characteristics, simple cationic chemistry is the exception rather than the rule. As with group 13, two oxidation states MIV and MII are found, the MII form giving more stable for lead.
Both substances have rather low abundance, but are commoner than other heavy metals. They occur in the minerals galena PbS and cassiterite SnO2. They each have various stable isotopes, Sn more than any other element (10). Some Pb isotopes are discovered from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The isotopic composition of Pb (and thus its atomic mass) differs detectably according to the source, and such variations have been used to estimate the age the Earth of and of rocks.
The elements are readily made by reduction of their ores and are soft, low-melting, somewhat unreactive metals. Tin is required for plating, and both elements in low-melting alloys and as many elements. Applications of lead are declining as its substances are very toxic. A continuing major need is in leadacid batteries, which depend on two reactions involving the PbII, Pb0 and PbIV states:
Occurring at different electrodes, these show a cell potential of 2 V, greater than can be obtained easily from any other pair of electrode reactions in aqueous solution
The kinetic theory of gases: The gas laws were empirically developed from experimental observations. The kinetic theory of gases assumes that the molecules or atoms of a gas
The frequency of a wave of light is 12x 10 14 s -1 . The wave number associated with this light is: (1) 5x10 -7 m (2) 4x 10 -8 cm -1
Q. Show the Dimensional analysis? Dimensional analysis Dimensional analysis is a process of problem solving that focuses on the units that are used to describe matter. Dimensio
Ask qustion #Minimum 100 words accepted#
Between a proton and electron in a hydrogen atom = 3.16 x 10 47 A 0
Solubility in liquid ammonia short notes
Q. Colloidal systems in foods? A colloidal system is a heterogeneous system. The material that forms the base of the system is called the dispersion medium or the continuous ph
how to prepare chlorine water
Q. Apply Kinetic Molecular Theory to Liquids? Ans. The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) states that the particles of liquids are in constant random motion. Their motion, how
e
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd