Tin and lead, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

 

GROUP 14: TIN AND LEAD

Tin and lead give some resemblance to the lighter elements in group 14, especially Ge. Although they are uniquely more metallic in their physical and chemical characteristics, simple cationic chemistry is the exception rather than the rule. As with group 13, two oxidation states MIV and MII are found, the MII form giving more stable for lead.

Both substances have rather low abundance, but are commoner than other heavy metals. They occur in the minerals galena PbS and cassiterite SnO2. They each have various stable isotopes, Sn more than any other element (10). Some Pb isotopes are discovered from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The isotopic composition of Pb (and thus its atomic mass) differs detectably according to the source, and such variations have been used to estimate the age the Earth of and of rocks.

The elements are readily made by reduction of their ores and are soft, low-melting, somewhat unreactive metals. Tin is required for plating, and both elements in low-melting alloys and as many elements. Applications of lead are declining as its substances are very toxic. A continuing major need is in leadacid batteries, which depend on two reactions involving the PbII, Pb0 and PbIV states:

 

988_Untitled.png

Occurring at different electrodes, these show a cell potential of 2 V, greater than can be obtained easily from any other pair of electrode reactions in aqueous solution


Related Discussions:- Tin and lead

Organic chemistry, electrophilic substitution reactions and mechanisms

electrophilic substitution reactions and mechanisms

Bronsted-lowry theory, Fundamentals of Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry ...

Fundamentals of Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry theory: A Bronsted acid is a (proton) + donor, whilst a Brønsted base is a proton acceptor. An acid-base reaction involves t

Show the hydrides of boron and aluminium, Q. Show  the Hydrides of Boron an...

Q. Show  the Hydrides of Boron and Aluminium? Boron forms a series of volatile hydrides which resemble in some respects, e.g., volatility and covalent nature, the hydrides of c

Show the occurrence of the f-block element, Q. Show the Occurrence of the f...

Q. Show the Occurrence of the f-block element? Apart from promethium which is unstable and is found in traces in uranium ores, all the lanthanides usually occur together. Altho

Nodes, 3p orbitals has how many nodes

3p orbitals has how many nodes

Sublimation, How can sublimation be useful? Ex. It can be used by ... ...

How can sublimation be useful? Ex. It can be used by ... to...

Find series of hydrogen atom spectrum electronic transition, In Balmer seri...

In Balmer series of hydrogen atom spectrum which electronic transition causes third line: (1) Fifth Bohr orbit to second one (2) Fifth Bohr orbit to first one (3) Fourth

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd