Tin and lead, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

 

GROUP 14: TIN AND LEAD

Tin and lead give some resemblance to the lighter elements in group 14, especially Ge. Although they are uniquely more metallic in their physical and chemical characteristics, simple cationic chemistry is the exception rather than the rule. As with group 13, two oxidation states MIV and MII are found, the MII form giving more stable for lead.

Both substances have rather low abundance, but are commoner than other heavy metals. They occur in the minerals galena PbS and cassiterite SnO2. They each have various stable isotopes, Sn more than any other element (10). Some Pb isotopes are discovered from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The isotopic composition of Pb (and thus its atomic mass) differs detectably according to the source, and such variations have been used to estimate the age the Earth of and of rocks.

The elements are readily made by reduction of their ores and are soft, low-melting, somewhat unreactive metals. Tin is required for plating, and both elements in low-melting alloys and as many elements. Applications of lead are declining as its substances are very toxic. A continuing major need is in leadacid batteries, which depend on two reactions involving the PbII, Pb0 and PbIV states:

 

988_Untitled.png

Occurring at different electrodes, these show a cell potential of 2 V, greater than can be obtained easily from any other pair of electrode reactions in aqueous solution


Related Discussions:- Tin and lead

Applications of hybridisation - size of the hybrid orbitals, Applications o...

Applications of hybridisation - Size of the hybrid orbitals As s- orbitals are closer to the nucleus than p- orbitals, it is reasonable to suppose that greater the s character

What are fat soluble vitamins, Question 1 Write a short note on the follow...

Question 1 Write a short note on the following Hydrophobic interaction Sphingolipids Steroid hormones Enzyme specificity Question 2 Define and classify amin

Molar conductivity, What do you understand by molar conductivity at infinit...

What do you understand by molar conductivity at infinite dilution

What is the methyle orange formula?, Methyl orange is a pH indicator often ...

Methyl orange is a pH indicator often used in titrations. It''s chemical formula  is C 14 H 14 N 3 NaO 3 S

Conjugate-base anion of diethyl malonate, Conjugate-base anion of diethyl m...

Conjugate-base anion of diethyl malonate The conjugate-base anion of diethyl malonate would be formed with sodium ethoxide, but it would not react with bromobenzene due to the

Define the methods of shelf life examination, Q. Define the Methods of shel...

Q. Define the Methods of shelf life examination? Methods of shelf life examination are sensory evaluation, chemical analysis and microbiological analysis.

Calor especifico, cual es la formula para el calor especifico

cual es la formula para el calor especifico

Assignment, Preparation and uses of western

Preparation and uses of western

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd