Tin and lead, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

 

GROUP 14: TIN AND LEAD

Tin and lead give some resemblance to the lighter elements in group 14, especially Ge. Although they are uniquely more metallic in their physical and chemical characteristics, simple cationic chemistry is the exception rather than the rule. As with group 13, two oxidation states MIV and MII are found, the MII form giving more stable for lead.

Both substances have rather low abundance, but are commoner than other heavy metals. They occur in the minerals galena PbS and cassiterite SnO2. They each have various stable isotopes, Sn more than any other element (10). Some Pb isotopes are discovered from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The isotopic composition of Pb (and thus its atomic mass) differs detectably according to the source, and such variations have been used to estimate the age the Earth of and of rocks.

The elements are readily made by reduction of their ores and are soft, low-melting, somewhat unreactive metals. Tin is required for plating, and both elements in low-melting alloys and as many elements. Applications of lead are declining as its substances are very toxic. A continuing major need is in leadacid batteries, which depend on two reactions involving the PbII, Pb0 and PbIV states:

 

988_Untitled.png

Occurring at different electrodes, these show a cell potential of 2 V, greater than can be obtained easily from any other pair of electrode reactions in aqueous solution


Related Discussions:- Tin and lead

Model of nucleus, ordering in arrangement of protons and neutrons in nucle...

ordering in arrangement of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Unity of hardnes, write the different units of hardness with their relatio...

write the different units of hardness with their relationship

Determine the moisture content in the given sample of fat, Q. Determine the...

Q. Determine the moisture content in the given sample of fat? After undertaking this activity, you will be able to: • assess the moisture content in the given sample of oil

Phenol, why phenol is acidic

why phenol is acidic

Electrolysis, How to know prefrential discharge for ions

How to know prefrential discharge for ions

Bulk Density, A copper tube 1 inch in diameter and 2 feet long is filled wi...

A copper tube 1 inch in diameter and 2 feet long is filled with steel balls of 1 inch diameter. The space between the balls is filled with water. The specific gravity of steel is 7

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd