Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
GROUP 14: TIN AND LEAD
Tin and lead give some resemblance to the lighter elements in group 14, especially Ge. Although they are uniquely more metallic in their physical and chemical characteristics, simple cationic chemistry is the exception rather than the rule. As with group 13, two oxidation states MIV and MII are found, the MII form giving more stable for lead.
Both substances have rather low abundance, but are commoner than other heavy metals. They occur in the minerals galena PbS and cassiterite SnO2. They each have various stable isotopes, Sn more than any other element (10). Some Pb isotopes are discovered from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The isotopic composition of Pb (and thus its atomic mass) differs detectably according to the source, and such variations have been used to estimate the age the Earth of and of rocks.
The elements are readily made by reduction of their ores and are soft, low-melting, somewhat unreactive metals. Tin is required for plating, and both elements in low-melting alloys and as many elements. Applications of lead are declining as its substances are very toxic. A continuing major need is in leadacid batteries, which depend on two reactions involving the PbII, Pb0 and PbIV states:
Occurring at different electrodes, these show a cell potential of 2 V, greater than can be obtained easily from any other pair of electrode reactions in aqueous solution
carbolic acid from benzene
Atoms with the different numbers of neutrons and same atomic number are known as isotopes. The chemical properties of an element are determined by wildly the charge on the nucleus,
sources of errors in tnermogravimetry
Find Relation between Solute Standard State and Henry's Law? For a solution process in which species B is transferred from a gas phase to a liquid solution, find the relation b
Q. What is Diborane? The chemistry of diborane has aroused considerable interest because of its usefulness in many synthetic reactions and also because the elucidation of its s
Write chemical tests to distinguish among: a) Phenol and Benzoic acid b) Propanal and propanone c) Formic acid and Acetic acid
What is mole concept?
what technique can be used to improve water quality ?
Did Nitrogen undergoes Friedel-Crafts reaction?
if one ton contains 2000 pounds and the coal is 2% by mass sulfur, what is the mass sulfur in one ton of coal? how many grams of sulfur is this? how many moles of sulfur is this?
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd