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Thermal Coefficient
Inside of the building's temperature can increase or reduce the snow weight. As these types of structures normally cover a wide area and heating or even turning the temperature to something higher than 0 degree needs a lot of energy and not cost effective, therefore thermal coefficient of 1/1 is being used.
As in most cases spatial structures are used outside the cities, such as sport centers and airports, a coefficient of 0.7 seems appropriate.
ANSI regulation, determines the ground snow weight in each area by dividing America into different areas. Bear in mind that we can use the top equation in Iran, if we use 0.7 Pg for the snow weight of flat surfaces in each four areas of the city. Therefore 150 kg/m2 is used for 0.7 Pg (19). therefore:
In these types cylinder roofs, as the gradient is variable, we can divide a arched roof into some slope surfaces and determine Cs coefficient for each part individually.
An engineer deposits an "X" amount every 6 months for 3 years so that she'll have $10,000 at the end of this period. The interest rate is 5% per year which is rebalanced every 6-mo
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A retaining wall 9 m high retains granular fill weighing 18 kN/m 3 with level surface. The active thrust on the wall is 180 kN per metre length of the wall. The height of the wall
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Q. Effect of Footing Size on Stress Zone? The modulus of elasticity of the soil may be determined by plotting stress-strain diagram based on triaxial test or plate load test.
Q. Calculation of crack widths arising from thermal movement In the calculation of thermal movement, the below formula is used in most codes: w max =s x a x (T 1 +T 2 )/2
Inspite of the problems of sample disturbance, if 1) e or E vs log p curve is interpreted, reasonably with some corrections for sample disturbance, 2) if the sample disturbance
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