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The Structured Query Language
INTRODUCTION
Database is an organised set of information about an entity having controlled redundancy and serves numerous applications. DBMS (database management system) is application software that is developed to make and influence the data in database. A query language can simply access a data in a database. SQL (Structured Query Language) is language used by most relational database systems. IBM developed the SQL language in mid-1979. All communication with the RDBMS and the clients or among RDBMS is by SQL. Whether the client is a disguised engine or a basic SQL engine such as a GUI, one RDBMS talking to another or report writer, SQL statements pass from the client to the server. The server responds by processing the SQL and returning the results. The benefits of this approach are that the only network traffic is the first query and the resulting response. The processing power of the client is reserved for running the application.
SQL is a data sub-language having of three built-in languages: Data definition language (DDL), Data manipulation language (DML) and Data control language (DCL). It is a fourth generation language. SQL has many more benefits and features. It should be noted that a lot of commercial DBMS may or may not execute all the details given in this unit. For instance, MS-ACCESS does not support some of these features. Even some of the constructs may not be portable, please consult the DBMS Help for any such dissimilarity.
What is transaction? Collections of operations that form a single logical unit of work are known as transactions.
what is query processing ,query optimization and performance turring?
What is an index? An index is a structure that helps to place desired records of a relation quickly, without probing all records.
Define page. The database is partitioned into some number of fixed-length blocks, which are referred to as pages.
Rearrange Classes and Operations Sometimes, the similar operation is defined across different classes and can easily be inherited from a familiar ancestor, but more often oper
Consider the relations EMP(ENO,ENAME,AGE,BASIC_SALARY) WORK_IN(ENO,DNO) DEPT(DNO,DNAME,CITY) Express the following queries in SQL (i) Find names of employees who work in a dep
1) Information about a bank is about customers and their account. Customer has a name, address which consists of house number, area and city, and one or more phone numbers. Ac
What is a foreign key, and what is it used for? A foreign key is used to establish relationships between relations in the relational model. Technically, a foreign key is a colu
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables. True the data of a view is not physically stored
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