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The Structured Query Language
INTRODUCTION
Database is an organised set of information about an entity having controlled redundancy and serves numerous applications. DBMS (database management system) is application software that is developed to make and influence the data in database. A query language can simply access a data in a database. SQL (Structured Query Language) is language used by most relational database systems. IBM developed the SQL language in mid-1979. All communication with the RDBMS and the clients or among RDBMS is by SQL. Whether the client is a disguised engine or a basic SQL engine such as a GUI, one RDBMS talking to another or report writer, SQL statements pass from the client to the server. The server responds by processing the SQL and returning the results. The benefits of this approach are that the only network traffic is the first query and the resulting response. The processing power of the client is reserved for running the application.
SQL is a data sub-language having of three built-in languages: Data definition language (DDL), Data manipulation language (DML) and Data control language (DCL). It is a fourth generation language. SQL has many more benefits and features. It should be noted that a lot of commercial DBMS may or may not execute all the details given in this unit. For instance, MS-ACCESS does not support some of these features. Even some of the constructs may not be portable, please consult the DBMS Help for any such dissimilarity.
Explain algorithm of ER To Relational Mapping ? ER-to-Relational Mapping Algorithm: 1) Step 1: Mapping of regular entity types: For each strong entity type E, form a relatio
It can be easily defined as: The database must not have any unmatched foreign key values. The term "unmatched foreign key value" means a foreign key value for which there doe
Explain the structure of well formed formulae in relational calculus. Ans: a. An atom is a formula b. If P1 is a formula, after that so are ¬P1 and (P1) c. If P1 and P2 a
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
what is er digram given that example of hospital,bank and library er digram.
difference between MIS and DSS
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
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What is candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
Step 1 . Using Oracle, create the tables identified in the preferred solution for Assignment 2. Technicians (ZipCode, TechnicianID, FirstName, LastName, Street, City, State, Home
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