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The Structured Query Language
INTRODUCTION
Database is an organised set of information about an entity having controlled redundancy and serves numerous applications. DBMS (database management system) is application software that is developed to make and influence the data in database. A query language can simply access a data in a database. SQL (Structured Query Language) is language used by most relational database systems. IBM developed the SQL language in mid-1979. All communication with the RDBMS and the clients or among RDBMS is by SQL. Whether the client is a disguised engine or a basic SQL engine such as a GUI, one RDBMS talking to another or report writer, SQL statements pass from the client to the server. The server responds by processing the SQL and returning the results. The benefits of this approach are that the only network traffic is the first query and the resulting response. The processing power of the client is reserved for running the application.
SQL is a data sub-language having of three built-in languages: Data definition language (DDL), Data manipulation language (DML) and Data control language (DCL). It is a fourth generation language. SQL has many more benefits and features. It should be noted that a lot of commercial DBMS may or may not execute all the details given in this unit. For instance, MS-ACCESS does not support some of these features. Even some of the constructs may not be portable, please consult the DBMS Help for any such dissimilarity.
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What are partial, alternate,, artificial, compound and natural key? Partial Key: It is a set of attributes that can uniquely recognize weak entities and that are related to s
What is meant by Physical blocks? The input and output operations are completed in block units. The blocks residing on the disk are referred to as physical blocks.
Consider the join of a relation R with relation S. If R has m tuples and S has n tuples, then the maximum size of join is: If R has m tuples and S has n tuples then maximum siz
Which is a valid SQL type? A valid SQL Should be in CHARACTER it is should be NUMERIC and FLOAT.
Atomicity: It describes a transaction to be a one unit of processing. We can also say either a transaction will be finished completely or not at all. In the transaction example 1
Introductory course and so does not require any fancy coding. I will provide a guidance document to help you in producing the solutions.
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
Data Scrubbing 70,000 records Project Description: We need services of a developer competent in data cleansing/Data scrubbing. Scope: - 70,000 records in CSV format.
Benefits of Sequential File Organisation It is quick and efficient when dealing with huge volumes of data that require being processed periodically (batch system). Dra
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