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Using examples of invertebrate nervous systems how can the process of evolutionary cephalization be described?
Considering the instance of invertebrates it is observed that evolution makes the enhancing of the complexity of the organisms to be accompanied by convergence of nervous cells to special structures for controlling and commanding: the ganglia and the brain. In easy invertebrates, like cnidarians, the nervous cells are not concentrated but they are found dispersed in the body. In platyhelminthes a starting of cephalization with the anterior ganglion concentrating neurons is already verified. In annelids and arthropods the existence of a cerebral ganglion is evident. In cephalopod molluscs the cephalization is even big and the brain commands the nervous system.
Q. How Tyndallisation used for sterilization? John Tyndall devised a process of sterilisation by steaming for a few minutes at 100 o C on 3-4 successive operations separated by
Explain Measurement of Cell Mass - Microbial Estimation? You may recall reading earlier that filamentous bacteria and moulds cannot be counted satisfactorily by employing plate
The distinct ecological importance of species supports functional diversity and has a direct bearing on the species composition of the site, and therefore on overall biodiversity.
Epidemiological studies The use of available data from the positive epidemiological studies in the risk assessment is encouraged. Data derived fiom human clinical studies, s
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Describe Chronic MR Murmur in MR Murmur ? Characteristic: Pan systolic murmur, often loudest at apex and radiates to axilla, may also be audible in back and over the entire pre
Oral Feeding This is the preferred and most palatable method of feeding for meeting the increased nutritional demands of catabolism, it should be used as long as possible. If
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