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The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located by a transaction on a shared resource that it needs to use. When this is completed, the data item is available for the exclusive use for that transaction that is other transactions are locked out of that data item. When the transaction that has locked a data item does not need to use it any longer, it should unlock the data item so that other transactions can use it. If a transaction attempts to lock a data item already locked by some other transaction, it cannot do so and remains for the data item to be unlocked. The parts of DBMS that controls and stores lock information is known as the Lock Manager. The locking mechanism helps us to change a schedule into a serialisable schedule. We had definite what a schedule is, but what serialisable schedule is?
Rearrange Classes and Operations Sometimes, the similar operation is defined across different classes and can easily be inherited from a familiar ancestor, but more often oper
Explain group By clause in SQL? Group By clause in SQL: The GROUP BY clause can be used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and group the results thro
Failure Controlling Methods: Failures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit. But the first question is doing we really require recov
Describe the advantage of State chart Diagram A state chart represents a state machine, emphasizing flow of control from one state to other. A state machine is a behaviour whi
What are the benefits of OOA technology? Using OOA technology can produce many benefits, such as: i) Reusability of code ii) Productivity is gained through direct mappi
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
Example - ALTER TABLE emp MODIFY (empno NUMBER (7));
Before defines the second type of integrity constraint, viz., Entity Integrity, we should be well-known with the concept of NULL. Mostly, NULL is intended as a basis for dealing
Describe analysis of access paths To describe analysis of access paths, consider an example of the design of a company's employee skills database. A part of the object model fr
Discuss how the one-to-one associations have to be implemented. Some of properties of associations can be implemented directly by providing suitable declarations of the data me
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