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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Describe log based recovery The most usably structure for recording data base modification is the LOG the log is a sequence of log records recording all the update activities i
I have to create a database about anything of my choice. It has to contain 4 queries, and 4 forms. It can be anything as simple as a shoe inventory with numbers - is this a service
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
The Database Approach In order to overcome the limits of a file system, a new approach was needed. Hence a database approach emerged. A database is a persistent collection of
Explain the shadow paging recovery technique. Ans: Shadow paging is a method used to acquire atomic and durable transactions, and provides the capability to manipulate pages i
Consider the subsequent relations for a database which keeps track of business trips of salespersons in a sales office: SALESPERSON (SSN, Name, start_year, Dept_no) TRIP (SSN, Fr
What is recursion? Is it possible for a stored procedure to call itself or recursive stored procedure? How many levels of SP nesting is possible? Recursion is method of proble
An entity type usually has an attribute whose values are distinct for every individual entity in the collection. Such an attribute is known as a key attribute and its values can be
What are the two main goals of parallelism? Load -balance multiple small accesses, so that the throughput of such accesses enhances. Parallelize large accesses so that the res
Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key The Employee Relation satisfies - First normal form - As it has no repeating groups. Second normal form - As it do not have multi-a
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