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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Although how will the system recover The selection of REDO or UNDO for a transaction for the recovery is completed on the basis of the state of the transactions. This state is
Consider the relations EMP(ENO,ENAME,AGE,BASIC_SALARY) WORK_IN(ENO,DNO) DEPT(DNO,DNAME,CITY) Express the following queries in SQL (i) Find names of employees who work in a dep
Creating views with Replace option : This option is used to alter the definition of the view without recreating and dropping it or regranting object privileges previously granted o
how map binary relation one to one
In problems 1 - 4, you are given the columns of a table, and a set of functional dependencies. Determine the normal form of this table. Remember that the normal form is the HIGHE
Differentiate between a Global and a Local temporary table? - A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or if defined inside a compound statement, fo
Differance between procedural and non procedural DML? Procedural and non procedural DML Procedural DML exactly what data is require and how to obtain those data. Non procedural
What are axioms? Axioms or rules of inference give a simpler technique for reasoning about
how to design tables
Write short notes on Schema diagram. A database schema along with primary key and foreign key dependencies can be depicted pictorially by schema diagram. Every relation appea
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