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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
Describe Database state in details? Database state: The actual data within the database at a particular moment in time is known as a database state.
Question 1 List and explain various Normal Forms. How BCNF differs from the Third Normal Form and 4th Normal forms? Question 2 Describe the concepts of Structural Semantic Da
1) Information about a bank is about customers and their account. Customer has a name, address which consists of house number, area and city, and one or more phone numbers. Ac
Why 'AS' clause is used in SQL ? 'As' clause is used for Rename operation. ‘AS' clause is used in SQL for rename operation. (e.g., SELECT ENO AS EMPLOYEE_NO FROM EMP)
Objectives After reading this unit you should be able to: Explain storage of databases on hard disks; Discuss the execution of various file Organisation techniques;
Explain three main attributes of data.
example of bank
Differentiate between natural join and outer join? Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R * S) where as R and S are relations. The output of the natural join
Give a sample of the Dynamic Model. The sample of dynamic model is given below: Dynamic model for the car: Brake and Accelerator Brake or Applies Accelerator
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