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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
What do you mean through integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints -An integrity constraint is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data in which
Improved performance: As the data is located near the site of its demand, and given the inherent parallelism because of multiple copies, speed of database access may be good for di
Explain how the object classes are mapped to tables. Each object class maps to one or more than one tables in the database. The objects in the class may be partitioned horizont
what is multivalued dependency
Discuss along with examples about several types of attributes present in the ER model? Types of Attributes are: • SIMPLE attributes are attributes which are drawn from the ato
What is the initial step for object-oriented designing The initial step for object-oriented designing is object modeling. Before we go into deep about object modeling first of
as a customer service employee, explain five measures you would recommend a displeased student to patronise a school canteen
At its most essential level the DBMS architecture can be divide into two parts: the back end and the front end. The back end is responsible for managing the physical database an
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located
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