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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
Example - ALTER TABLE emp MODIFY (empno NUMBER (7));
The aims of the project are: 1. To enable the students to undertake the detailed design of a specific plant or process 2. The design projects includes: process selection; und
Define the Two Phase Locking Protocol This is a protocol that is used to make sure serializability of transactions. This protocol needs that every transaction issue lock and u
Differentiate strict two phase locking protocol and rigorous two phase locking protocol. In strict two phase locking protocol all exclusive mode locks taken by a transaction is
What is a Transaction? A transaction is an event which happens on the database. Generally a transaction reads a value from the database or writes a value to the database. If y
What is Disadvantages Of DBMS ? 1. Cost of Software and Hardware and Migration - A important disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. 2. Reduced Response and Throughpu
Define Boyce codd normal form A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies if, for all functional dependencies in F + of the form.α ->β.
1. Staff (staffID --> availabilityID) 2. Services (servicesID --> itemBasedID --> timedBasedID) 3. TimedBased (timedbasedID--> priceid) 4. Clients (clientId, serviceId-->
What is meant by the degree of relationship set? The degree of relationship type is the number of participating entity types.
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