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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Design an EER schema for the following application and translate the EER schema into relational schemas (and constraints). It is possible that some requirements cannot be captured
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
What is a foreign key, and what is it used for? A foreign key is used to establish relationships between relations in the relational model. Technically, a foreign key is a colu
Project Description: Need Point of Sale software for pizza restaurant. Delivery and take out service, client's database, inventory control, order history, last order, order from
What are the Constituents of File? Also elaborates all the possible file operations? A file is organised logically as sequence of record. These records are mapped onto disk blo
The database depicted in the Visio diagram describes Proceeding , Article , Researcher , article PublishedIn a proceeding, article WrittenBy researchers and proceedings Edi
Define instance and schema? Instance: Collection of data kept in the data base at a particular moment is known as an Instance of the database. Schema: The o
write a short note on participation role? Participation role: roles are indicating in E-R diagram by labelling the lines that connect diamonds to rectangles.
What is Explicit update In explicit update, each derived attribute is defined with respect to one, or more fundamental base object(s). The object designer determines that de
What are the different kinds of database end users? Discuss the major activities of each? End-Users - End-users are the people whose jobs need access to the database for que
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