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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
Define rotational latency time. The time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is known as the rotational latency time.
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The Proliferation of Object-Oriented Methods The first few years of the 1990s saw blossoming of around fifty various object oriented methods. This proliferation is a sign of g
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Give detail description on Transactions. - Using transactions we can group all SQL commands into a single unit. - Transaction begins with some task and finishes only when a
Discuss the importance and characteristics of database backup and recovery procedures, then describe the actions that must be detailed in backup and recovery plan
why are older data base model are being replaced by new data model
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