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Because RNA is composed of four parts of nucleotides, there are 43 = 64 possible codons, which is 64 possible triplets of nucleotides with several sequences. Furthermore, only 20 amino acids are commonly found in proteins so which, in most cases, a one amino acid is coded for through various dissimilar codons described in the figure. The genetic code is thus said to be degenerate. In reality, only methionine and tryptophan are shown by a single codon. As a conclusion of the genetic code's degeneracy, a mutation which changes only a single nucleotide in
Figure: The genetic code.
DNA point mutation, and thus changes only a single nucleotide in the corresponding mRNA, frequently has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide.
Amino acid sequence is also known as the primary structure of a protein/polypeptide; the series of amino acids in a protein/polypeptide controlled by the series of DNA bases.
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