The complexity ladder, Data Structure & Algorithms

Assignment Help:

The complexity Ladder:

  • T(n) = O(1). It is called constant growth. T(n) does not raise at all as a function of n, it is a constant. For illustration, array access has this characteristic. A[i] takes the identical time independent of the size of the array A.
  • T(n) = O(log2 (n)). It is called logarithmic growth. T(n) raise proportional to the base 2 logarithm of n. In fact, the base of logarithm does not matter. For instance, binary search has this characteristic.
  • T(n) = O(n). It is called linear growth. T(n) linearly grows with n. For instance, looping over all the elements into a one-dimensional array of n elements would be of the order of O(n).
  • T(n) = O(n log (n). It is called nlogn growth. T(n) raise proportional to n times the base 2 logarithm of n. Time complexity of Merge Sort contain this characteristic. Actually no sorting algorithm that employs comparison among elements can be faster than n log n.
  • T(n) = O(nk). It is called polynomial growth. T(n) raise proportional to the k-th power of n. We rarely assume algorithms which run in time O(nk) where k is bigger than 2 , since such algorithms are very slow and not practical. For instance, selection sort is an O(n2) algorithm.
  • T(n) = O(2n) It is called exponential growth. T(n) raise exponentially.

In computer science, Exponential growth is the most-danger growth pattern. Algorithms which grow this way are fundamentally useless for anything except for very small input size.

Table 1 compares several algorithms in terms of their complexities.

Table 2 compares the typical running time of algorithms of distinct orders.

The growth patterns above have been tabulated in order of enhancing size. That is,   

  O(1) <  O(log(n)) < O(n log(n)) < O(n2)  < O(n3), ... , O(2n).

Notation

Name

Example

O(1)

Constant

Constant growth. Does

 

 

not grow as a function

of n. For example, accessing array for one element A[i]

O(log n)

Logarithmic

Binary search

O(n)

Linear

Looping over n

elements, of an array of size n (normally).

O(n log n)

Sometimes called

"linearithmic"

Merge sort

O(n2)

Quadratic

Worst time case for

insertion sort, matrix multiplication

O(nc)

Polynomial,

sometimes

 

O(cn)

Exponential

 

O(n!)

Factorial

 

 

              Table 1: Comparison of several algorithms & their complexities

 

 

 

Array size

 

Logarithmic:

log2N

 

Linear: N

 

Quadratic: N2

 

Exponential:

2N

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

3

7

8

10

17

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

64

16,384

65,536

1 million

10 billion

 

256

3.4*1038

1.15*1077

1.07*10301

........

 


Related Discussions:- The complexity ladder

Process of in-order traversal, In-order Traversal  This process when ex...

In-order Traversal  This process when executed iteratively also needs a stack and a Boolean to prevent the implementation from traversing any portion of a tree twice. The gener

Define the external path length, Define the External Path Length The Ex...

Define the External Path Length The External Path Length E of an extended binary tree is explained as the sum of the lengths of the paths - taken over all external nodes- from

Programme in c to create a single linked list, Q. Write  down a   p...

Q. Write  down a   programme  in  C  to  create  a  single  linked  list also  write the functions to do the following operations (i)  To insert a new node at the end (ii

Explain Hashing, What do you mean by hashing? Hashing gives the direct ...

What do you mean by hashing? Hashing gives the direct access of record from the file no matter where the record is in the file. This is possible with the help of a hashing func

#binary search, Ask question #Minima binary search tree is used to locate t...

Ask question #Minima binary search tree is used to locate the number 43 which of the following probe sequences are possible and which are not? explainum 100 words accepted#

Data Structure, Ask consider the file name cars.text each line in the file ...

Ask consider the file name cars.text each line in the file contains information about a car ( year,company,manufacture,model name,type) 1-read the file 2-add each car which is repr

Example of binary search, Let us assume a file of 5 records that means n = ...

Let us assume a file of 5 records that means n = 5 And k is a sorted array of keys of those 5 records. Let key = 55, low = 0, high = 4 Iteration 1: mid = (0+4)/2 = 2

Breadth-first search, Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, whic...

Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go to all the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we

Header linked list, creation,insertion,deletion of header linked list using...

creation,insertion,deletion of header linked list using c.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd