The complexity ladder, Data Structure & Algorithms

Assignment Help:

The complexity Ladder:

  • T(n) = O(1). It is called constant growth. T(n) does not raise at all as a function of n, it is a constant. For illustration, array access has this characteristic. A[i] takes the identical time independent of the size of the array A.
  • T(n) = O(log2 (n)). It is called logarithmic growth. T(n) raise proportional to the base 2 logarithm of n. In fact, the base of logarithm does not matter. For instance, binary search has this characteristic.
  • T(n) = O(n). It is called linear growth. T(n) linearly grows with n. For instance, looping over all the elements into a one-dimensional array of n elements would be of the order of O(n).
  • T(n) = O(n log (n). It is called nlogn growth. T(n) raise proportional to n times the base 2 logarithm of n. Time complexity of Merge Sort contain this characteristic. Actually no sorting algorithm that employs comparison among elements can be faster than n log n.
  • T(n) = O(nk). It is called polynomial growth. T(n) raise proportional to the k-th power of n. We rarely assume algorithms which run in time O(nk) where k is bigger than 2 , since such algorithms are very slow and not practical. For instance, selection sort is an O(n2) algorithm.
  • T(n) = O(2n) It is called exponential growth. T(n) raise exponentially.

In computer science, Exponential growth is the most-danger growth pattern. Algorithms which grow this way are fundamentally useless for anything except for very small input size.

Table 1 compares several algorithms in terms of their complexities.

Table 2 compares the typical running time of algorithms of distinct orders.

The growth patterns above have been tabulated in order of enhancing size. That is,   

  O(1) <  O(log(n)) < O(n log(n)) < O(n2)  < O(n3), ... , O(2n).

Notation

Name

Example

O(1)

Constant

Constant growth. Does

 

 

not grow as a function

of n. For example, accessing array for one element A[i]

O(log n)

Logarithmic

Binary search

O(n)

Linear

Looping over n

elements, of an array of size n (normally).

O(n log n)

Sometimes called

"linearithmic"

Merge sort

O(n2)

Quadratic

Worst time case for

insertion sort, matrix multiplication

O(nc)

Polynomial,

sometimes

 

O(cn)

Exponential

 

O(n!)

Factorial

 

 

              Table 1: Comparison of several algorithms & their complexities

 

 

 

Array size

 

Logarithmic:

log2N

 

Linear: N

 

Quadratic: N2

 

Exponential:

2N

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

3

7

8

10

17

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

64

16,384

65,536

1 million

10 billion

 

256

3.4*1038

1.15*1077

1.07*10301

........

 


Related Discussions:- The complexity ladder

Boar corloring, Board coloring , C/C++ Programming

Board coloring , C/C++ Programming

State algorithm to insert node p at the end of a linked list, Algo rithm t...

Algo rithm to Insert a Node p at the End of a Linked List is explained below Step1:   [check for space] If new1= NULL output "OVERFLOW" And exit Step2:   [Allocate fr

Explain dijkstra''s algorithm, Explain Dijkstra's algorithm Dijkstra's ...

Explain Dijkstra's algorithm Dijkstra's algorithm: This problem is concerned with finding the least cost path from an originating node in a weighted graph to a destination node

Algorithm to insert a node in between any two nodes, Q. Write down an algor...

Q. Write down an algorithm to insert a node in between any two nodes in a linked list         Ans. Insertion of a the node after the given element of the listis as follows

Applications of avl trees, AVL trees are applied into the given situations:...

AVL trees are applied into the given situations: There are few insertion & deletion operations Short search time is required Input data is sorted or nearly sorted

Which of the sorting algorithm is stable, Which of the sorting algorithm is...

Which of the sorting algorithm is stable   Heap sorting is stable.

Perform inorder, QUESTION (a) Construct a binary tree for the following...

QUESTION (a) Construct a binary tree for the following numbers assuming that a number greater than the node (starting from the root) goes to the left else it goes to the right.

Write an algorithm for binary search, Q.1 Write procedures/ Algorithm to in...

Q.1 Write procedures/ Algorithm to insert and delete an element in to array. Q.2. Write an algorithm for binary search. What are the conditions under which sequential search of

Explain expert system, 1. What is an expert system and where are they need...

1. What is an expert system and where are they needed? 2. What are the major issues involved in building an expert system?

What are the specific needs for realism, Normal 0 false false...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd