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The Basic 2PL:The basic two phase locking allows release of lock at any time after all the locks have been obtained. For instance, we can release the locks in schedule of Figure, after we have gone through the values of Y and Z in transaction 11, even before the display of the sum. This will increase the concurrency level. The basic 2PL is given graphically in Figure.
Explain the difference between using functions along with and without grouping attributes in relational algebra. Give examples. Ans: Group functions are used to group data of
Give the levels of data abstraction? There are three levels of Data Abstraction a) Physical level b) logical level c) view level
Consider the two relations given below Given that A is the primary key of R, D is the primary key of S and there is a referential integrity among S.A and R.A, discuss all
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
Explain P command in the respect of QBE? P: It is the command in which is used to print (logically display) the value of the attribute in whose cell it is writ
Security: Data not needed by local applications is not stored at the site, therefore no unnecessary security violations may exist. But how can we carry out fragmentation? Fragm
Explanation on Data Sharing?
Limitations of File Based System The file-based system has some limitations. The limitations are listed as follows: Isolation and separation of data: When the data is
Software failures : In such cases, a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction (or all transactions), therefore leading to losing the state of pr
Using the concepts defined previous, we have identified that strong entities in COLLEGE database are FACULTY, STUDENT, COURSE and DEPARTMENT. This database also has one weak entity
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